高了食物的營養(yǎng)價值或降低了原有食物中的有害成分)?！?/p>
《新浪科技》2005年01月06日發(fā)表《方舟子：為什么說吃轉(zhuǎn)基因食品是更加安全的？》 訓(xùn)導(dǎo)我們：
http://tech.sina.com.cn/d/2005-01-06/1554496745.shtml
“有的人可能還有疑問：好了，我知道轉(zhuǎn)基因食品不是為了轉(zhuǎn)我的基因，但是我吃了這種食品后，它被轉(zhuǎn)入的那段外源基因會不會跑進(jìn)我的體內(nèi)，無意中把我的基因也給轉(zhuǎn)了？我們可以保證這種情況不會發(fā)生。為什么呢？因為所有的生物的所有基因的化學(xué)成份都是一樣的，都是由核酸組成的。不管轉(zhuǎn)的是什么基因，是從什么生物身上來的，它的化學(xué)成份也和別的基因沒有什么兩樣，都是由核酸組成的。吃到肚子里去，這個基因同樣要被消化、降解成小分子，才能被人體細(xì)胞吸收。所以可以放心，這個外源基因是不會被人體細(xì)胞直接吸收、利用的?！艿轿覀凅w內(nèi)，為什么偏偏要擔(dān)心轉(zhuǎn)基因食品呢？……事實上，轉(zhuǎn)基因食品不僅是安全的，而且往往要比同類非轉(zhuǎn)基因食品更安全。……轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)可以準(zhǔn)確地控制基因的表達(dá)，只動了一個或少數(shù)幾個我們已知其功能的基因，容易檢測產(chǎn)物對環(huán)境的影響，并且如上所述，它可以使食物更安全。”
博主翻譯該篇披露的事實，對方舟子上述誤導(dǎo)宣傳予以批駁。
自2004年以來，《新浪網(wǎng)》連篇累許發(fā)表或轉(zhuǎn)載方舟子宣傳“轉(zhuǎn)基因食品不僅是安全的，而且往往要比同類非轉(zhuǎn)基因食品更安全”觀點的文章。方舟子《方舟子的BLOG》2010年10月1日發(fā)表《轉(zhuǎn)基因恐慌》博文后，《新浪網(wǎng)》首頁大力推薦創(chuàng)出145799點擊量以及140次轉(zhuǎn)載的紀(jì)錄。
《陳一文顧問博客》發(fā)表筆者翻譯國外揭露轉(zhuǎn)基因農(nóng)作物、轉(zhuǎn)基因食品危害文章時，絕不奢求《新浪網(wǎng)》網(wǎng)管給予與方舟子同等優(yōu)厚待遇，只求獲得《新浪網(wǎng)》所有博客享受的平等對待，《新浪網(wǎng)》網(wǎng)管不要未經(jīng)博主允許有選擇的再封閉博主批駁方舟子誤導(dǎo)宣傳文章的“轉(zhuǎn)載”功能。
* * *
==Effects of GM animal feed==
==轉(zhuǎn)基因動物喂食的影響==
Around 38 million tons of soymeal per year are imported into Europe, which mostly goes into animal feed. Around 50–65 percent of this is GM or GM-contaminated, with 14–19 million tons GM-free.
歐洲每年進(jìn)口大約3800萬噸大豆粉，大部分進(jìn)入動物飼料。其中50-65%或者是轉(zhuǎn)基因大豆豆粉或轉(zhuǎn)基因大豆污染豆粉，只有1400-1900萬噸為非轉(zhuǎn)基因大豆粉。
Food products from GM-fed animals do not have to carry a GM label. This is based on assumptions including:
來自轉(zhuǎn)基因（成分飼料）喂養(yǎng)動物的食品沒有含有轉(zhuǎn)基因（成分）的標(biāo)簽。這樣做基于的假設(shè)包括：
· GM DNA does not survive the animal’s digestive process
· 轉(zhuǎn)基因DNA（脫氧核糖核酸）在動物的消化過程中生存
· GM-fed animals are no different from animals raised on non-GM feed
· 用轉(zhuǎn)基因（成分飼料）喂養(yǎng)的動物與用非轉(zhuǎn)基因（成分飼料）喂養(yǎng)的動物沒有區(qū)別
· meat, fish, eggs and milk from animals raised on GM feed are no different from products from animals raised on non-GM feed.
· 來自轉(zhuǎn)基因（成分）飼料喂養(yǎng)動物的肉、魚、蛋和奶與用非轉(zhuǎn)基因（成分飼料）喂養(yǎng)的沒有區(qū)別。
However, studies show that differences can be found in animals raised on GM RR soy animal feed, compared with animals raised on non-GM feed, and that GM DNA can be detected in the milk and body tissues (meat) of such animals. Findings include:
然而，研究表明轉(zhuǎn)基因大豆飼料喂養(yǎng)的動物，與用非轉(zhuǎn)基因成分飼料喂養(yǎng)的動物相比，有區(qū)別，而且在明轉(zhuǎn)基因大豆飼料喂養(yǎng)的動物的奶與肉中能夠探測到轉(zhuǎn)基因DNA（脫氧核糖核酸）。
· DNA from plants is not completely degraded in the gut but is found in organs, blood, and even the offspring of mice.[1] [137] GM DNA is no exception.
· 植物的DNA（脫氧核糖核酸）在腸道中并沒有完全分解，而且在（喂食這種植物的）老鼠器官中、血液中，甚至在它們的后代中能夠發(fā)現(xiàn)。[137] 在這方面，轉(zhuǎn)基因農(nóng)作物的DNA（脫氧核糖核酸）也不是例外。
· GM DNA from GM maize and GM soy was found in milk from animals raised on these GM crops. The GM DNA was not destroyed by pasteurization.[2] [138]
· 喂食轉(zhuǎn)基因玉米和轉(zhuǎn)基因大豆的動物的奶中發(fā)現(xiàn)了來自轉(zhuǎn)基因玉米和轉(zhuǎn)基因大豆的轉(zhuǎn)基因DNA（脫氧核糖核酸）。也就是說，這些轉(zhuǎn)基因DNA在乳制品的加熱殺菌過程中并沒有被殺死。[138]
· GM DNA from soy was found in the blood, organs, and milk of goats. An enzyme, lactic dehydrogenase, was found at significantly raised levels in the heart, muscle, and kidneys of kids fed GM RR soy.[3] [139] This enzyme leaks from damaged cells and can indicate inflammatory or other cellular injury.
· 喂食轉(zhuǎn)基因大豆的羊的血液中、器官中以及羊奶中發(fā)現(xiàn)了來自轉(zhuǎn)基因大豆的轉(zhuǎn)基因DNA（脫氧核糖核酸）。在喂食轉(zhuǎn)基因大豆的羊羔的心臟、肌肉與腎臟，發(fā)現(xiàn)了顯著高水平的一種酶，乳酸脫氫酶。[139] 從損壞的細(xì)胞泄漏這種酶，可以表明炎癥或其他細(xì)胞損傷。
==Health effects on humans==
==對人類健康的影響==
Very few studies directly examine the effects of GM foods on humans. However, two studies examining possible impacts of GM RR soy on human health found potential problems.
非常少的研究直接審查轉(zhuǎn)基因食品對人類的影響。然而，兩項研究對抗草甘膦轉(zhuǎn)基因大豆對人類健康可能的影響進(jìn)行了檢查并發(fā)現(xiàn)了潛在的一些問題。
Simulated digestion trials show that GM DNA in GM RR soy can survive passage through the small intestine and would therefore be available for uptake by the intestinal bacteria or cells.[4] [140]Another study showed that GM DNA from RR soy had transferred to intestinal bacteria before the experiment began and continued to be biologically active.[5] [141] These studies were not followed up.
模擬消化試驗顯示抗草甘膦轉(zhuǎn)基因大豆中的轉(zhuǎn)基因DNA（脫氧核糖核酸）能夠生存到通過小腸的通道，因此能夠被腸道細(xì)菌或細(xì)胞攝取。[140] 另外一項研究顯示實驗之前抗草甘膦轉(zhuǎn)基因大豆中的轉(zhuǎn)基因DNA（脫氧核糖核酸）已經(jīng)遷移到腸道細(xì)菌而且生物學(xué)上依然是活化。[141] 這些研究沒有進(jìn)一步做。
GM proponents often claim that GM DNA in food is broken down and inactivated in the digestive tract. These studies show that this is false.
轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)的支持者們往往聲稱食品中的轉(zhuǎn)基因DNA（脫氧核糖核酸）在消化管中破碎了不再活化。這些研究表明這種說法不真實。
References
參考文獻(xiàn)
[137] Schubbert, R., Hohlweg, U., Renz, D., Doerfler, W. 1998. On the fate of orally ingested foreign DNA in mice: chromosomal association and placental transmission to the fetus, Molecular Genetics and Genomics 259, 569–76.
[137] Schubbert, R., Hohlweg, U., Renz, D., Doerfler, W. 1998。老鼠口服外來DNA的命運(yùn)：與胎盤透過給胎兒相關(guān)的染色體相關(guān)。分子遺傳學(xué)與基因組學(xué)，259，569-76。
[138] Agodi, A., Barchitta, M., Grillo, A., Sciacca, S. 2006. Detection of genetically modified DNA sequences in milk from the Italian market. Int J Hyg Environ Health 209, 81–88.
[138] Agodi, A., Barchitta, M., Grillo, A., Sciacca, S. 2006。來自意大利市場的奶中探測到基因改造DNA序。衛(wèi)生環(huán)境健康國際雜志，209，81-88。
[139] Tudisco, R., Mastellone, V., Cutrignelli, M.I, Lombardi, P, Bovera, F., Mirabella, N., Piccolo, G., Calabro, S., Avallone, L., Infascelli, F. 2010. Fate of transgenic DNA and evaluation of metabolic effects in goats fed genetically modified soybean and in their offsprings. Animal.
[139] Tudisco, R., Mastellone, V., Cutrignelli, M.I, Lombardi, P, Bovera, F., Mirabella, N., Piccolo, G., Calabro, S., Avallone, L., Infascelli, F. 2010。喂養(yǎng)轉(zhuǎn)基因大豆的羊及其后代中轉(zhuǎn)基因DNA的命運(yùn)與代謝作用。動物。
[140] Martín-Orúe, S.M., O’Donnell, A.G., Ariño, J., Netherwood, T., Gilbert, H.J., Mathers, J.C. 2002.
Degradation of transgenic DNA from genetically modified soy and maize in human intestinal simulations. British Journal of Nutrition 87, 533–542.
[140] Martín-Orúe, S.M., O’Donnell, A.G., Ariño, J., Netherwood, T., Gilbert, H.J., Mathers, J.C. 2002。來自基因改造大豆與玉米的轉(zhuǎn)基因DNA（脫氧核糖核酸）在人類腸模擬實驗中的降解。英國營養(yǎng)雜志，87，533-542。
[141] Netherwood, T., Martín-Orúe S.M., O’Donnell A.G., Gockling S., Graham J., Mathers J.C., Gilbert
H.J. 2004. Assessing the survival of transgenic plant DNA in the human gastrointestinal tract. Nature Biotechnology 22, 204–209.
[141] Netherwood, T., Martín-Orúe S.M., O’Donnell A.G., Gockling S., Graham J., Mathers J.C., Gilbert H.J. 2004。核定人類胃腸道中轉(zhuǎn)基因DNA（脫氧核糖核酸的生存。自然生物技術(shù)，22，204-209。
[1] Schubbert, R., Hohlweg, U., Renz, D., Doerfler, W. 1998. On the fate of orally ingested foreign DNA in mice: chromosomal association and placental transmission to the fetus, Molecular Genetics and Genomics 259, 569–76.
[137] Schubbert, R., Hohlweg, U., Renz, D., Doerfler, W. 1998。老鼠口服外來DNA的命運(yùn)：與胎盤透過給胎兒相關(guān)的染色體相關(guān)。分子遺傳學(xué)與基因組學(xué)，259，569-76。
[2] Agodi, A., Barchitta, M., Grillo, A., Sciacca, S. 2006. Detection of genetically modified DNA sequences in milk from the Italian market. Int J Hyg Environ Health 209, 81–88.
[138] Agodi, A., Barchitta, M., Grillo, A., Sciacca, S. 2006。來自意大利市場的奶中探測到基因改造DNA序。衛(wèi)生環(huán)境健康國際雜志，209，81-88。
[3] Tudisco, R., Mastellone, V., Cutrignelli, M.I, Lombardi, P, Bovera, F., Mirabella, N., Piccolo, G., Calabro, S., Avallone, L., Infascelli, F. 2010. Fate of transgenic DNA and evaluation of metabolic effects in goats fed genetically modified soybean and in their offsprings. Animal.
[139] Tudisco, R., Mastellone, V., Cutrignelli, M.I, Lombardi, P, Bovera, F., Mirabella, N., Piccolo, G., Calabro, S., Avallone, L., Infascelli, F. 2010。喂養(yǎng)轉(zhuǎn)基因大豆的羊及其后代中轉(zhuǎn)基因DNA的命運(yùn)與代謝作用。動物。
[4] Martín-Orúe, S.M., O’Donnell, A.G., Ariño, J., Netherwood, T., Gilbert, H.J., Mathers, J.C. 2002.
Degradation of transgenic DNA from genetically modified soy and maize in human intestinal simulations. British Journal of Nutrition 87, 533–542.
[140] Martín-Orúe, S.M., O’Donnell, A.G., Ariño, J., Netherwood, T., Gilbert, H.J., Mathers, J.C. 2002。來自基因改造大豆與玉米的轉(zhuǎn)基因DNA（脫氧核糖核酸）在人類腸模擬實驗中的降解。英國營養(yǎng)雜志，87，533-542。
[5] Netherwood, T., Martín-Orúe S.M., O’Donnell A.G., Gockling S., Graham J., Mathers J.C., Gilbert
H.J. 2004. Assessing the survival of transgenic plant DNA in the human gastrointestinal tract. Nature Biotechnology 22, 204–209.
[141] Netherwood, T., Martín-Orúe S.M., O’Donnell A.G., Gockling S., Graham J., Mathers J.C., Gilbert
H.J. 2004。核定人類胃腸道中轉(zhuǎn)基因DNA（脫氧核糖核酸的生存。自然生物技術(shù)，22，204-209。