孟山都如此明顯“作假”,方舟子為什么不“打假”?孟山都1994年對(duì)抗草甘膦轉(zhuǎn)基因大豆商業(yè)化提出申請(qǐng)時(shí),有關(guān)研究既沒(méi)有獲得同行審查評(píng)議,也沒(méi)有發(fā)表有關(guān)的論文。1996年批準(zhǔn)商業(yè)化時(shí),許多科學(xué)家揭露孟山都后來(lái)發(fā)表論文中的數(shù)據(jù)與申請(qǐng)時(shí)提交的數(shù)據(jù)不同;作為結(jié)論依據(jù)的重要數(shù)據(jù)或者不一致,或者缺失;為使這些研究形成“實(shí)質(zhì)相同”結(jié)論有意去除證明轉(zhuǎn)基因大豆與非轉(zhuǎn)基因大豆顯著不同的內(nèi)容。
《轉(zhuǎn)基因大豆:可持續(xù)?負(fù)責(zé)任?》研究報(bào)告:
孟山都申請(qǐng)中作假使抗草甘膦轉(zhuǎn)基因大豆商業(yè)化的批準(zhǔn)
“GM Soy: Sustainable? Responsible?” Report:
GM foods and crops: Approval of GM RR soy
Monday, 13 September 2010 19:01
《歐洲轉(zhuǎn)基因觀察》網(wǎng)站 2010年9月13日發(fā)布
Pdf文件下載鏈接:http://www.gmwatch.org/files/GMsoy_SustainableResponsible_Sept2010_Summary.pdf
陳一文譯([email protected])
《新浪網(wǎng)》“陳一文顧問(wèn)博客”全文發(fā)表譯文:http://blog.sina.com.cn/cheniwan
* * *
陳一文顧問(wèn)按:
孟山都公司確鑿無(wú)疑是世界轉(zhuǎn)基因作物業(yè)界效仿的旗艦。
在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上看了新聞紀(jì)錄片《孟山都公司眼中的世界》與Jeffrey M. Smitch的影評(píng)后,本顧問(wèn)2010年3月發(fā)表《孟山都公司是正人君子、唯利是圖,還是十惡不赦的跨國(guó)公司?》表明看法:
http://www.sciencenet.cn/m/user_content.aspx?id=297318
(注:上述博客是科技部中國(guó)科學(xué)技術(shù)信息研究所武夷山總工程師在《科學(xué)網(wǎng)》上建立的博客,感謝武總出自于社會(huì)責(zé)任感轉(zhuǎn)載大力推薦筆者這篇文章?。?/p>
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“(法國(guó))Marie-Monique Robin女士導(dǎo)演的影片《孟山都公司眼中的世界》以及(美國(guó))Jeffrey M. Smitch先生的影評(píng)披露的大量情況,如果基本屬實(shí)的話(huà),(美國(guó))孟山都公司顯然不僅是一家唯利是圖追逐暴利的跨國(guó)公司,而是一家有意危害全球人類(lèi)持續(xù)安全健康生存與發(fā)展的十惡不赦的公司。”
“為此,本顧問(wèn)推薦每位中國(guó)人與世界華人訪問(wèn)影片《孟山都公司眼中的世界》的中文字幕視頻:
http://www.tudou.com/programs/view/80W3VZAlSkk/
孟山都公司以及他們?cè)趪?guó)外與中國(guó)的支持者們至今未能夠向任何法院起訴Marie-Monique Robin女士以及她導(dǎo)演的新聞紀(jì)錄片《孟山都公司眼中的世界》,更沒(méi)有能夠公開(kāi)舉證證明新聞紀(jì)錄片《孟山都公司眼中的世界》舉證披露的事實(shí)不符合基本事實(shí),表明孟山都公司以及他們?cè)趪?guó)外與中國(guó)的支持者們只能夠默認(rèn)新聞紀(jì)錄片《孟山都公司眼中的世界》舉證披露的事實(shí)!
為了中國(guó)人民持續(xù)安全健康生存與發(fā)展,建議中國(guó)全國(guó)人大與最高檢察察院專(zhuān)題調(diào)查與立案調(diào)查何人如何支持這樣一家公司進(jìn)入中國(guó)并建立研究中心?
同時(shí)調(diào)查中國(guó)與孟山都公司關(guān)系密切的哪些人如何幕后操作導(dǎo)致農(nóng)業(yè)部在沒(méi)有向全國(guó)人大與公眾詳細(xì)通報(bào)所有情況下如何批準(zhǔn)了兩種轉(zhuǎn)基因水稻、一種轉(zhuǎn)基因玉米的安全證書(shū),使中國(guó)率先成為世界上第一個(gè)批準(zhǔn)主糧可進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)基因種植的國(guó)家?
全球正直的人就必須聯(lián)合起來(lái),組成全球最廣泛的統(tǒng)一戰(zhàn)線(xiàn),在全球所有國(guó)家協(xié)同對(duì)付孟山都公司這頭妖魔!
為此,請(qǐng)讀者們將影片《孟山都公司眼中的世界》的視頻網(wǎng)址以及本顧問(wèn)英中文對(duì)照方式提供的中譯文影評(píng)轉(zhuǎn)給全國(guó)政協(xié)委員們、全國(guó)人大代表們與媒體的朋友們!
http://www.tudou.com/programs/view/80W3VZAlSkk/
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但是,本顧問(wèn)翻譯了本文后,才知道孟山都公司“作假”重大欺騙始于1994年為其“王牌產(chǎn)品”抗草甘膦轉(zhuǎn)基因大豆申請(qǐng)商業(yè)化批準(zhǔn)的過(guò)程,孟山都雇傭的“科學(xué)家”后來(lái)發(fā)表的一系列論文繼續(xù)作假、欺騙、誤導(dǎo)。
欲知詳情,認(rèn)真研讀本文必將大開(kāi)眼界!
方舟子自稱(chēng)“作為一個(gè)科學(xué)家,在學(xué)術(shù)和科研上要有潔癖,就像你做記者一樣,要對(duì)事實(shí)追求有潔癖??茖W(xué)就是追求真理”?
那么,對(duì)你關(guān)系密切已經(jīng)非常熟悉的孟山都公司1994年為抗草甘膦轉(zhuǎn)基因大豆商業(yè)化批準(zhǔn)申請(qǐng)中如此明顯“作假”,方舟子為什么不“打假”?對(duì)孟山都雇傭的“科學(xué)家”后來(lái)發(fā)表的一系列論文學(xué)術(shù)作假、欺騙、誤導(dǎo),方舟子為什么不“打假”?
* * *
==Approval of GM RR soy==
==抗草甘膦轉(zhuǎn)基因大豆商業(yè)化的批準(zhǔn)==
Monsanto applied for approval of its GM RR soy for commercialization in 1994. It based its application on research that analyzed the composition, allergenicity, toxicity, and feed conversion of RR soybeans, which, taken together, were intended to demonstrate safety to health.
孟山都公司1994年提出批準(zhǔn)抗草甘膦轉(zhuǎn)基因大豆商業(yè)化的申請(qǐng)。該項(xiàng)申請(qǐng)基于孟山都公司對(duì)抗草甘膦轉(zhuǎn)基因大豆分析其成分、變應(yīng)原性(注:與過(guò)敏性相關(guān))、毒性,以及飼料轉(zhuǎn)化率的研究,所有這些結(jié)果綜合在一起,有意證明抗草甘膦轉(zhuǎn)基因大豆對(duì)健康的安全性。
The research was neither peer-reviewed nor published at the time of the application. Related papers by Monsanto employees appeared only later in scientific journals. [114、115、116、117]
1994年提出申請(qǐng)時(shí),這些研究既沒(méi)有獲得同行審查評(píng)議,也沒(méi)有發(fā)表有關(guān)的論文。孟山都雇員的相關(guān)論文后來(lái)陸續(xù)在科學(xué)刊物上出現(xiàn)。[114、115、116、117]
Since GM RR soy was commercialized in 1996, scientists have criticized these studies on grounds including the following: [118、119、120、121]
抗草甘膦轉(zhuǎn)基因大豆1996年商業(yè)化時(shí),許多科學(xué)家在下述基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)這些研究提出了批評(píng):[118、119、120、121]
· Data in the published studies differ from data in approval applications.
· 發(fā)表的論文中關(guān)于這些研究的數(shù)據(jù)與孟山都公司當(dāng)初申請(qǐng)時(shí)提交的數(shù)據(jù)不同。
· Important data on which study conclusions were based were inconsistent or missing.
· 發(fā)表的論文中這些研究得出結(jié)論基于的重要數(shù)據(jù)或者不一致,或者缺失。
· Significant differences in the composition of GM and non-GM soy are dismissed in forming a conclusion of substantial equivalence.
· 為使這些研究形成“實(shí)質(zhì)相同”的結(jié)論而去除證明轉(zhuǎn)基因大豆與非轉(zhuǎn)基因大豆成分顯著不同的內(nèi)容。
· Significant differences found in feeding studies (lower weights and lower feed consumption in male rats and fish, higher kidney/testicle weight in rats, increased milk fat value in cows) between those fed with GM RR soy and those fed the control diet are unjustifiably dismissed as not biologically significant.
· 在抗草甘膦轉(zhuǎn)基因大豆與(非轉(zhuǎn)基因)對(duì)照規(guī)定飲食之間的喂食研究中發(fā)現(xiàn)的顯著區(qū)別(雄鼠與魚(yú)較輕的體重與較低的喂食消耗,老鼠更高的腎臟/睪丸重量,牛奶更高的脂肪值)的內(nèi)容以“非生物學(xué)顯著”為理由不合理的去除了研究中發(fā)現(xiàn)這些內(nèi)容。
· Histological examinations (in which body tissues of experimental animals are examined for changes and toxic effects) were not carried out or are missing from published data.
· 這些研究中沒(méi)有進(jìn)行組織學(xué)檢查(組織學(xué)檢查中對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物身體組織進(jìn)行檢查是否有改變與毒性影響),或者有關(guān)情況從發(fā)表數(shù)據(jù)中去除。
· No long-term health effects are tested for. These kinds of tests are necessary to find out if GM RR soy has (for example) carcinogenic or reproductive effects.
· 沒(méi)有進(jìn)行長(zhǎng)期健康影響試驗(yàn)。對(duì)于發(fā)現(xiàn)抗草甘膦轉(zhuǎn)基因大豆是否造成(例如)致癌或生育異常影響來(lái)說(shuō),長(zhǎng)期健康影響試驗(yàn)是必要的。
· The diets fed to experimental animals are such that any effects from GM RR soy would be masked. For example, protein content is so high, and/or levels of GM soy so low, that the chances of finding any differences from the GM RR diet are minimized.
· 喂養(yǎng)給實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物的規(guī)定飲食(設(shè)計(jì))為抗草甘膦轉(zhuǎn)基因大豆的任何影響將被偽裝起來(lái)。例如,蛋白成分非常高,和/或轉(zhuǎn)基因大豆的水平非常低,以至發(fā)現(xiàn)含抗草甘膦轉(zhuǎn)基因大豆規(guī)定飲食(與非轉(zhuǎn)基因飲食之間)造成任何差別的可能性被降低到最低可能。
Overall, the methodological flaws bias the studies towards conclusions of “no differences” between GM and non-GM soy. [122、123、124、125]
總的來(lái)講,(孟山都雇員的)研究的方法學(xué)缺陷的偏向性引導(dǎo)這些研究得到轉(zhuǎn)基因大豆與非轉(zhuǎn)基因大豆之間“沒(méi)有區(qū)別”的結(jié)論。[122、123、124、125]
References
參考資料:
[114] Padgette, S.R., Taylor, N.B., Nida, D.L., Bailey, M.R., McDonalds, J., Holden, L.R. & Fuchs, R.L. 1996. Composition of glyphosate-tolerant soybean seeds is equivalent to that of conventional soybeans. J. of Nutrition 126, 702–716.
[114] Padgette, S.R., Taylor, N.B., Nida, D.L., Bailey, M.R., McDonalds, J., Holden, L.R. & Fuchs, R.L. 1996. 抗草甘膦轉(zhuǎn)基因大豆種子成分與傳統(tǒng)大豆等效。營(yíng)養(yǎng)學(xué)雜志,126,702-716。
[115] Burks A.W., Fuchs R.L. 1995. Assessment of the endogenous allergens in glyphosate-tolerant and
commercial soybean varieties. J. of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 96, 1008–1010.
[115] Burks A.W., Fuchs R.L. 1995。抗草甘膦轉(zhuǎn)基因大豆與商業(yè)化大豆品種中內(nèi)生的變應(yīng)原的評(píng)估。過(guò)敏與臨床免疫學(xué)雜志,96,1008-1010。
[116] Harrison, L.A. Bailey, M.R., Naylor, M.W., Ream, J.E., Hammond, B.G., Nida, D.L., Burnette, B.L., Nickson, T.E., Mitsky, T.A., Taylor, M.L., Fuchs, R.L., Padgette, S.R. 1996. The expressed protein in glyphosate-tolerant soybean, 5-enolypyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase from Agrobacterium sp. strain CP4, is rapidly digested in vitro and is not toxic to acutely gavaged mice. J. Nutr. 126, 728–740.
[116] Harrison, L.A. Bailey, M.R., Naylor, M.W., Ream, J.E., Hammond, B.G., Nida, D.L., Burnette, B.L., Nickson, T.E., Mitsky, T.A., Taylor, M.L., Fuchs, R.L., Padgette, S.R. 1996。在抗草甘膦大豆,來(lái)自土壤桿菌sp.系CP4的5 enolypyruvylshikimate - 3 -磷酸鹽合酶表達(dá)的蛋白,迅速消化,對(duì)強(qiáng)飼法喂養(yǎng)小鼠沒(méi)有急性毒性。營(yíng)養(yǎng)學(xué)雜志,126,728-740。
[117] Hammond, B.G., Vicini, J.L., Hartnell, G.F., Naylor, M.W., Knight, C.D., Robinson, E.H., Fuchs, R.L., Padgette S.R. 1996. The feeding value of soybeans fed to rats, chickens, catfish and dairy cattle is not altered by genetic incorporation of glyphosate tolerance. J. Nutr. 126, 717–727.
[117] Hammond, B.G., Vicini, J.L., Hartnell, G.F., Naylor, M.W., Knight, C.D., Robinson, E.H., Fuchs, R.L., Padgette S.R. 1996。喂養(yǎng)老鼠、雞、鯰魚(yú)與牛奶的大豆的飼料價(jià)值并沒(méi)有被轉(zhuǎn)基因合并抗草甘膦性而改變。營(yíng)養(yǎng)雜志,126,717-727。
[118] Müller, W. 2004. Recherche und Analyse bezuglich humantoxikologischer Risiken von gentechnisch veränderten Soja- und Maispflanzen. Eco-risk (Buro fur Ökologische Risikoforschung), Vienna, April 10.
[118] Müller, W. 2004。研究和分析,對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)基因大豆和玉米的植物尊重人的毒理學(xué)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析。生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)(生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)研究處),維也納,4月10日。
[119] Pusztai, A. 2001. Genetically modified foods: Are they a risk to human/animal health? ActionBioscience.org.
[119] Pusztai, A. 2001。轉(zhuǎn)基因食品:它們是否是對(duì)人類(lèi)/動(dòng)物健康的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)?行動(dòng)生物科學(xué).org
http://www.actionbioscience.org/biotech/pusztai.html
[120] Mertens, M. 2007. Roundup Ready soybean – Reapproval in the EU? Report for Bund fur Umwelt und Naturschutz Deutschland e.V. & Friends of the Earth Europe.
[120] Mertens, M. 2007??共莞熟⑥D(zhuǎn)基因大豆—重新在歐洲批準(zhǔn)?為地球歐洲準(zhǔn)備的報(bào)告。
http://www.gentechnikfreie-regionen.de/fileadmin/content/studien/risikobewertung/Roundup_Ready_Soybean_EnglishMartha_Mai2008.pdf
[121] Pryme, I.F., Lembcke, R. 2003. In vivo studies of possible health consequences of genetically modified food and feed – with particular regard to ingredients consisting of genetically modified plant materials. Nutrition and Health 17, 1–8.
[121] Pryme, I.F., Lembcke, R. 2003。體內(nèi)試驗(yàn)對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)基因食物與飼料對(duì)健康后果的研究—特別關(guān)注配料中包含轉(zhuǎn)基因材料。營(yíng)養(yǎng)與健康,17,1-8。
[122] Padgette, S.R., Taylor, N.B., Nida, D.L., Bailey, M.R., McDonalds, J., Holden, L.R. & Fuchs, R.L. 1996. Composition of glyphosate-tolerant soybean seeds is equivalent to that of conventional soybeans. J. of Nutrition 126, 702–716.
[122] Padgette, S.R., Taylor, N.B., Nida, D.L., Bailey, M.R., McDonalds, J., Holden, L.R. & Fuchs, R.L. 1996??共莞熟⑥D(zhuǎn)基因大豆種子成分與傳統(tǒng)大豆等效。營(yíng)養(yǎng)學(xué)雜志,126,702-716。
[123] Burks A.W., Fuchs R.L. 1995. Assessment of the endogenous allergens in glyphosate-tolerant and
commercial soybean varieties. J. of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 96, 1008–1010.
[123] Burks A.W., Fuchs R.L. 1995??共莞熟⑥D(zhuǎn)基因大豆與商業(yè)化大豆品種中內(nèi)生的變應(yīng)原的評(píng)估。過(guò)敏與臨床免疫學(xué)雜志,96,1008-1010。
[124] Harrison, L.A. Bailey, M.R., Naylor, M.W., Ream, J.E., Hammond, B.G., Nida, D.L., Burnette, B.L., Nickson, T.E., Mitsky, T.A., Taylor, M.L., Fuchs, R.L., Padgette, S.R. 1996. The expressed protein in glyphosate-tolerant soybean, 5-enolypyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase from Agrobacterium sp. strain CP4, is rapidly digested in vitro and is not toxic to acutely gavaged mice. J. Nutr. 126, 728–740.
[124] Harrison, L.A. Bailey, M.R., Naylor, M.W., Ream, J.E., Hammond, B.G., Nida, D.L., Burnette, B.L., Nickson, T.E., Mitsky, T.A., Taylor, M.L., Fuchs, R.L., Padgette, S.R. 1996。在抗草甘膦大豆,來(lái)自土壤桿菌sp.系CP4的5 enolypyruvylshikimate - 3 -磷酸鹽合酶表達(dá)的蛋白,迅速消化,對(duì)強(qiáng)飼法喂養(yǎng)小鼠沒(méi)有急性毒性。營(yíng)養(yǎng)學(xué)雜志,126,728-740。
[125] Hammond, B.G., Vicini, J.L., Hartnell, G.F., Naylor, M.W., Knight, C.D., Robinson, E.H., Fuchs, R.L., Padgette S.R. 1996. The feeding value of soybeans fed to rats, chickens, catfish and dairy cattle is not altered by genetic incorporation of glyphosate tolerance. J. Nutr. 126, 717–727.
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