論毛澤東（中英文對照）
何 新
He Xin: On Mao Zedong
（Chinese-English bilingual Version）
1
毋庸置疑，毛澤東是人類歷史上最偉大的革命家、軍事家和政治家。毛澤東是幾千年不世出的曠世天才。
Undoubtedly, Mao Zedong has been the greatest revolutionist, strategist and statesman throughout all the epochs of human history as well as a peerless genius in several thousands of years.
通觀人類歷史，可以論定毛澤東是一位曠世絕倫，無與類比的人物。毛澤東喚醒了整個(gè)東方人類和新興世界。20世紀(jì)30年代以后的中國歷史(無論其正面或者負(fù)面)，幾乎都是毛澤東所一手鑄成。而20世紀(jì)的世界歷史，如果沒有毛澤東，也必是完全不同的另一面貌。
Take a panoramic view of the human history, we could draw the conclusion that Mao Zedong has been an unparalleled great figure without rivals. He awakened all the Eastern peoples and the newly-established world. China’s history after the 1930s (whether the positive or negative side) has taken shape almost all under Mao Zedong’s hand; while the world’s history in the twentieth century must have been a completely different one without Mao Zedong.
毛澤東去世后，他生前反對過的南斯拉夫強(qiáng)人鐵托說：“毛澤東是站在巨人之上的超級(jí)巨人”。而西德總理勃蘭特說：“對一部分人來說，毛澤東是希望，對另一部分人來說，他是永久的挑戰(zhàn)。兩種情況都將繼續(xù)下去，以后一直會(huì)如此”。信然!
After Mao Zedong’s demise, the Yugoslavian strongman President Tito whom Mao used to oppose acclaimed the late Mao: “Mao Zedong is the super giant in one giant.” Willy Brandt, Chancellor of West Germany, said: “For some people, Mao Zedong is their hope; while for some others, he is a permanent challenge. These two situations shall both continue, and shall always be.” It’s indeed the truth!
毛澤東天姿英發(fā)，文韜武略，倜儻風(fēng)流，膽識(shí)過人。所有的親歷者都指出毛澤東的人格魅力是無窮的。任何走近他的人，都不能不被其言談舉止所震撼或者融化(包括他的對手如蔣介石、尼克松、赫魯曉夫和基辛格)。在毛澤東面前，巨人顯得渺小。
Mao Zedong, bearing both an inborn heroic spirit and a dignified and charming deportment, was one versed in both literature and military affairs and one exceeding the rest in both bravery and wisdom. All history witnesses have pointed out that Mao Zedong possessed indefinite personal charisma. And he had never failed to, with his speech and deportment, shock or overwhelm anyone who walked near him (including his opponents Chiang Kai Shek, Nixon, Khrushchev and Kissinger). The giant even looked smaller in front of Mao Zedong.
以毛澤東出身之卑微，早年所受教育之狹蹙，社會(huì)背景之孤陋，以及所掌握資源之匱乏——而竟能白手起家，自力更生，締造出一個(gè)雄偉的新生中華之國!
With such humble origins, such parochial early education, such ordinary social background and such scanty resources, Mao Zedong could start empty-handed, blaze a trail by self-dependence and finally build up the magnificent New China!
回溯中古時(shí)代以來的歷史1000年、黑鐵時(shí)代以來的歷史3000年、青銅時(shí)代以來的歷史5000年，以至智人誕生以來的歷史四百萬年———毛澤東現(xiàn)象都可以斷論是絕無僅有，渾然天成!
While looking retrospectively at the history dating back to the medieval times one thousand years ago, the Iron Age three thousand years ago, the Bronze Age five thousand years ago, or even the homo sapien period four million years ago, we could definitely tell that the Mao Zedong phenomenon has been the only one of its kind and has been one as natural as nature itself!
2
毛澤東對于歷史是一個(gè)奇跡!他的平生業(yè)績令當(dāng)世之人目瞪口呆，令后世之人難以置信!毛澤東的故事宛若一個(gè)神話。
Mao Zedong is a miracle for history itself. His lifelong achievements have not only astonished people of the present-day world, but shall also appear equally incredible to people of later generations. The story of Mao Zedong is just like a legend.
世界歷史上從來沒有第二位政治家，能夠憑借幾乎一無所有、兩手空空的經(jīng)濟(jì)和政治資源，在短短的二十八年之間，審時(shí)度勢，謀形造勢，縱橫捭闔，橫掃強(qiáng)敵，締造出全世界人數(shù)最多的第一政黨(“中國共產(chǎn)黨”)，建立了一只裝備簡陋而幾乎戰(zhàn)無不勝的鋼鐵之軍隊(duì)(“中國人民解放軍”)，一個(gè)基礎(chǔ)赤貧然而精神無比強(qiáng)大的新興共和國————中華人民共和國。而毛澤東自身，則于1949年成為世界上這個(gè)人口最多的國家之至高無上的圣人、導(dǎo)師和領(lǐng)袖。
In the world’s history, there has never been a second statesman, who had, starting from a foundation with barely no economic or political resources at all, in a short period of twenty-eight years, accurately judged the hour and sized up the situation, maneuvered among various political groupings, and swept all the powerful enemies and finally successfully set up the largest party in the world (“the Communist Party of China”), built up a poorly-equipped yet almost all-conquering iron army (“the Chinese People’s Liberation Army”), and established a new republic with a destitute foundation yet of an uplifting spirit -- the People’s Republic of China. Mao Zedong himself has also, in 1949, become the supreme saint, mentor and leader of the country which had the largest population in the world.
自從地理大發(fā)現(xiàn)的近500年以來，世界上沒有任何一個(gè)國家之領(lǐng)袖，敢于如毛澤東那樣地以一國而對抗世界，那樣地蔑視世界殖民主義的西方列強(qiáng)和20世紀(jì)的美、蘇兩霸，如此地蔑視西方所謂的“世界新秩序”。
Ever since the Great Geographical Discovery about five hundred years ago, no leader of any other country in the world had been as dauntless as Mao Zedong, who dared to lead China to confront against the entire world, to show contempt to the Western colonial powers as well as the Soviet-American hegemony in the twentieth century, and to despise the so-called “new world order” set by the West.
3
1950年新中國立國之初，毛澤東力排眾議而出軍朝鮮，以小米加步槍，公然抗衡聯(lián)合國17國(美、英、法、韓國以及荷蘭、新西蘭、加拿大、澳大利亞、菲律賓、土耳其、泰國、南非、希臘、比利時(shí)、盧森堡、哥倫比亞、埃塞俄比亞)的強(qiáng)大聯(lián)軍，并且戰(zhàn)而勝之!而此戰(zhàn)，美國所派出的是其全部陸軍的三分之一，空軍的五分之一，海軍的二分之一。
In 1950, shortly after the establishment of New China, Mao Zedong overrode all objections and sent the PLA of China to North Korea. Relying on millet plus rifles, the Chinese army fought openly against the powerful allied forces of the seventeen countries (the United States, Britain, France, South Korea, Holland, New Zealand, Canada, Australia, Philippines, Turkey, Thailand, South Africa, Greece, Belgium, Luxemburg, Columbia, Ethiopia) and finally triumphed over them. During that war, the United States had dispatched one-third of its land force, one-fifth of its air force, and half of its navy into the battlefield.
面對這樣強(qiáng)大的軍事陣容，只要敢于迎戰(zhàn)，即使戰(zhàn)敗也不失為英雄。然而毛澤東于萬里之外遙控戰(zhàn)局，羽扇綸巾談笑間，強(qiáng)虜灰飛煙滅——竟然將二戰(zhàn)中克勝日本天皇百萬大軍、威名蓋世的美軍統(tǒng)帥麥克阿瑟打得丟盔卸甲，棄印而去。
Confronted with such powerful military forces, one should be regarded as a hero even in defeat as long as one had the courage to fight. However, Mao Zedong, mapping out military strategies in a leisurely and unhurried manner thousands of miles away from the battlefield, commanded his army to completely vanquish the American Supreme Commander MacArthur, who had the awe-inspiring reputation of defeating the millions of troops of the Japanese emperor in the past.
此后面對整個(gè)西方世界的報(bào)復(fù)、封鎖和堵截，較量幾十年，最終毛澤東迫使西方世界不僅向他低頭，而且不得不為他喝彩。甚至連超強(qiáng)之?dāng)城跻膊坏貌粚λ斦\俯首!(可參看二戰(zhàn)之英軍統(tǒng)帥蒙巴頓將軍關(guān)于毛澤東的回憶錄以及尼克松、基辛格的回憶錄。)
Since then, Mao Zedong has begun to fight a decades-long contest with the revenges, blockade and interceptions from the West, while he had finally forced the Western world succumb to him or even acclaim to him. What’s more, even his strongest opponents had to capitulate to him! (See reference to WWII British Commander General Louis Mountbatten’s memoirs about Mao Zedong and the Memoirs of Nixon and Kissinger.)
事實(shí)上，1950年爆發(fā)的朝鮮戰(zhàn)爭的終局，并不是結(jié)束在1953年7月板門店的談判桌上，而是結(jié)束在1972年2月北京中南海毛澤東住處的游泳池邊，就是美國總統(tǒng)尼克松俯首下心而向毛澤東折節(jié)輸誠的那個(gè)時(shí)刻。
In fact, the outcome of the Korean War that broke out in 1950 was not from the negotiating table in Panmunjom in July 1953, but from the edge of the swimming pool outside Mao Zedong’s Beijing Zhongnanhai abode in February 1972, and from the moment when the American President Nixon bowed wholeheartedly to express his sincerity to Mao Zedong.
毛澤東蔑視聯(lián)合國。但是當(dāng)1971年10月中國使團(tuán)驕傲地帶著毛澤東著作和中國式的理念走進(jìn)紐約聯(lián)合國大廈的時(shí)候，中國人所得到的卻是全世界的歡呼和掌聲!
Mao Zedong had never taken the United Nations seriously. Nevertheless, when the Chinese mission taking Mao Zedong’s works and the Chinese-styled ideas entered the UN headquarters in New York in October 1971, the Chinese people won the cheers and applause from all over the world!
毛澤東現(xiàn)象是世界歷史中絕無僅有，而幾乎不可思議的神話。
In the world’s history, Mao Zedong has been a unique phenomenon as well as an incredible legend.
4
哲人尼采說：戰(zhàn)爭是凈化歷史的洗滌劑。黑格爾說：戰(zhàn)爭推動(dòng)歷史前進(jìn)。
Philosopher Nietzsche said: war is the detergent that purifies the history. Hegel said: war pushes forward the progress of history.
毛澤東出身一介布衣，早年不過是一介寒儒卑微書生。平生智計(jì)魁梧奇?zhèn)?，至見其圖，弱冠狀貌，靦腆羞澀如溫潤好女。
Born as a commoner, Mao Zedong had merely been a poor and humble scholar in his early years. Despite his great sagacity and resourcefulness, seeing his photo, one would find that he appeared as a boy in his twenties, both shy and bashful, and as muted as a young lady.
然而毛澤東之大半生在馬背上度過。更不可思議的是，毛澤東身經(jīng)百戰(zhàn)，卻幾乎手不觸槍。自1928秋收起義后兵敗落草上山，到1949年席卷全中國的遼沈、淮海、平津、渡江四大戰(zhàn)役，毛澤東以數(shù)百人的一支落魄殘軍起家，數(shù)十年中竟鍛造出一只戰(zhàn)無不勝而意氣如虹的鋼鐵之軍。
However, Mao Zedong spent most of his life on horseback. What’s more unbelievable, as battle-seasoned as he was, Mao Zedong had scarcely touched a gun himself. Since the defeat in the Autumn Harvest Uprising in 1928, to the four major campaigns of Liao-Shen, Huai-Hai, Beiping-Tianjin, and Jing-Hu-Hang in 1949 that swept the whole country, Mao Zedong started his great cause from a broken army of several hundreds of soldiers and gradually hammered out an all-conquering iron army of indestructible spirit.
二十一年的三次國內(nèi)革命戰(zhàn)爭中，毛澤東所指揮的游擊戰(zhàn)、反圍剿、運(yùn)動(dòng)戰(zhàn)以及大殲滅戰(zhàn)，以對戰(zhàn)雙方投入兵力之?dāng)?shù)量，戰(zhàn)爭之規(guī)模，覆蓋地域之廣闊論，均超過了人類歷史上一切戰(zhàn)爭和經(jīng)典戰(zhàn)役。毛澤東生平取得的戰(zhàn)績足以壓倒全部西方戰(zhàn)史上的一切統(tǒng)帥和名將。
During the three revolutionary civil wars in twenty-one years, Mao Zedong had commanded numerous guerrilla wars, counter-campaigns, mobile wars, as well as wars of annihilation. The number of armed forces put into wars by both sides, the scale of wars and of the war-stricken areas, have surpassed all wars and classical battles in the human history. The military successes that Mao Zedong had accomplished during his lifetime have exceeded those made by all military commanders and famous generals in the Western military history.
毛澤東御軍四十余年，覽傳統(tǒng)之法術(shù)，綱馬列之宏教，運(yùn)籌遠(yuǎn)謀，算無遺策。鞭撻宇內(nèi)，臨危制變。明哲識(shí)才，知人善用，席卷千軍，戰(zhàn)天斗地。
Mao Zedong took command of the PLA of China for forty years, during which time he not only gave full play to the traditional Chinese military strategies, but also made ingeniously applications of the Marxism-Leninism tenets, and in this way, he seldom made misjudgment and had all the situations well in hand. Leading armies to fight battles throughout the entire country, he could always maintain his flexibility and maneuverability in the face of danger. In addition, possessing the great wisdom of distinguishing and using talents, Mao Zedong guided his troops, defeated the powerful enemies and won triumphs one after another in the universe.
毛澤東的軍事指揮藝術(shù)出神入化，精妙絕倫，磅礴云天。相形之下，西方之那些名將戰(zhàn)局不過如同小丘而已。所謂運(yùn)籌帷幄之中，決勝千里之外，不足以狀毛澤東兵法之神妙。毛澤東用兵包括政治、軍事、宣傳動(dòng)員、諜報(bào)用間，戰(zhàn)略、戰(zhàn)術(shù)整體配合之運(yùn)用，其高明超過了人類歷史上一切偉大的軍事家和戰(zhàn)爭組織者。
Mao Zedong’s military commanding art has attained such an acme of superb perfection that, compared with him, those famous generals and battles in the West all seemed totally unworthy of being mentioned. Even the so-called compliment of “devising strategies within a command to win a victory thousands miles away” could not fully depict how marvelously ingenious Mao Zedong’s military strategies are. While commanding armies, Mao Zedong made such clever application of the overall collaborated means of politics, military forces, propaganda and mobilization, intelligence work, military strategies and tactics that his military wisdom has surpassed all great militarists and war organizers in the human history.
毛澤東兵學(xué)天下無敵。只要這個(gè)世界上仍然有戰(zhàn)爭，毛澤東戰(zhàn)爭學(xué)術(shù)就當(dāng)之無愧地名列人類戰(zhàn)史之首篇。
Mao Zedong’s military science has been invincible all over the world. As long as there are wars in this world, Mao Zedong’s military science shall fully deserve to be ranked in the first place in the military history of mankind.
毛澤東是軍事史中一位戰(zhàn)功彪炳，值得一切軍事家景仰和研究的戰(zhàn)神。
In the military history, Mao Zedong is a god of war who had accomplished outstanding military exploits and thus deserves the admiration and study of all militarists.
5
毛澤東智慧而詭譎，是一位玄機(jī)難測的偉大政治謀略家。毛澤東駕馭歷史操縱人類的能力，非學(xué)而成，似乎來自天賦。
Both sagacious and wily, Mao Zedong is a mysterious and unpredictable great political strategist. It seems that Mao Zedong’s ability of manipulating history and people has been an inborn talent rather than something gained from later acquisition.
毛澤東生前斗倒了他的一切內(nèi)外強(qiáng)敵。毛澤東蔑視一切對手，說大人則渺之，所謂戰(zhàn)略上藐視之而戰(zhàn)術(shù)上重視之，又極乎辯證。
During his lifetime, Mao Zedong defeated all his foes both inside and outside of China. He held a contemptuous attitude towards all of his opponents, saying that a grand person should despise all his enemies. While his talking of “strategically despising all the enemies, but tactically taking them all seriously” fully demonstrates his dialectical thoughts.
但是，毛澤東始終關(guān)注人民百姓之“大多數(shù)”。他永遠(yuǎn)在世界上窮苦大眾、“弱勢群體”即賤民們，那些被侮辱與被損害者的那一邊。
However, Mao Zedong has always cherished deep concerns for the ordinary people, who represented “the great majority”. He has forever taken his side with the impoverished and “the disadvantaged groups” in the world, that is, the so-called “untouchables”, the humiliated and the injured and hurt.
毛澤東使一個(gè)東亞病夫的散沙混亂之國，實(shí)現(xiàn)大統(tǒng)一，而奠基克成華夏民族復(fù)興之初業(yè)。
Under the guidance of Mao Zedong, the chaotic and disunited Chinese nation whose people used to bear the disgraceful name of “sick men of East Asia” has finally reached its great unification and thus laid the initial foundation for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.
毛澤東的個(gè)性和人格魅力是無窮的。他具有超人的藝術(shù)天賦、深刻的直覺靈思和極其廣博的人文知識(shí)。
Mao Zedong’s personal charisma is of infinite charm. He has superb artistic talent, acute intuition, profound inspirations and extremely extensive humanistic knowledge.
動(dòng)則講武策，靜則思經(jīng)傳。登高必賦，手不釋卷。以詩明志，一任肺腑。被之管弦，皆成樂章。抒情古直，婉約豪放，洞徹人情，悲勁蒼涼。
In commanding the troops, he could always cited lines freely from the military classics; in staying alone peacefully, he always meditated over the classical works. Never seen without a book in hand, he must compose a poem whenever ascending a height. Those poems, telling his great aspirations with words from the bottom of his heart, are all so well-rhymed that once recited with background music, they will all turn into great musical melodies. Whether lyrical or narrative, whether graceful and implicit or bold and unconstrained, those poems convey a sense of forcefulness and bleakness, demonstrating Mao Zedong’s deep insights into the human nature.
在私生活中，毛澤東胸懷寬大，感情豐富，幽默詼諧，仁慈寬厚。
In his private life, Mao Zedong was a broad-minded and humorous person with rich emotions and a magnanimous personality.
毛澤東知道世上沒有不散的筵席，“萬歲”不過是欺人的空話，“四個(gè)偉大”只是阿諛奉承——“我才不信那一套”!
Mao Zedong knew that there was no never-ending feast in the world, that “a long life of ten thousand years” was but a deceptive empty talk, and that people’s compliments of him, “the four great -- great leader, great mentor, great helmsman, great commander”, were only flattering words, thus he said: “I don’t believe that!”
“為了打鬼借助鐘馗”，毛澤東敢于嘲笑自己既有“虎氣”也有“猴氣”。他知道，總有一天他的偶像也會(huì)被打得粉碎——“那有什么了不起?不過粉碎而已。”
“In order to exorcise demons, we need to seek help from Zhong Kui, the superstitious god.” Mao Zedong dared to ridicule himself as bearing both “the disposition of a tiger”, which referred to his stubborn fortitude and indomitable spirit, and “the disposition of a monkey”, which referred to his rich emotions, humorous optimism, poetic temperament and idealism. He knew that one day his idol would also be smashed, but he said: “What’s the big deal? It’s only smashing!”
但是在政治斗爭中，毛澤東鐵面無私冷酷無情。只要斗爭需要，他就毅然斬?cái)嘁磺信f日情緣、粉粹任何障礙———不論其是舊日袍澤還是多年戰(zhàn)友，文化大革命中尤甚!
Whereas, Mao Zedong was impartial, incorruptible and unrelentingly indifferent in political struggles. As long as it’s needed by the struggles, he would resolutely cut off all the erstwhile relations and grinding all the obstacles, whether his old fellow officers or comrades for many years, especially in the Great Cultural Revolution.
馬基雅弗利的《君主論》說：“領(lǐng)袖既是獅子也是狐貍。為了勝利必須審時(shí)度勢運(yùn)用機(jī)鋒”。拿破侖說“如果需要冷酷無情，那就冷酷無情!”毛澤東早年研究過馬基雅弗利，暮年仍然好讀拿破侖。
Machiavelli wrote in his The Prince: “A ruler is both a lion and a fox. It’s necessary to size up the situation or even adopt evil means in order to win triumph.” Napoleon also said: “If ruthlessness is necessary, then ruthlessness it is!” Mao Zedong used to conduct research on Machiavelli in his youth, and was still a loyal reader of Napoleon in his late years.
在政治權(quán)謀上，毛澤東是一位政治謀略藝術(shù)的成功運(yùn)用者。但是毛澤東的政績非凡卓越，德澤后世!
In politics, Mao Zedong has been such a successful user of the art of political strategies. While his remarkable political achievements have brought blessing and benefits to all the later generations!
6
毛澤東作為一位開國及治國者，其生平最偉大的成就之一，是他成功地領(lǐng)導(dǎo)了中國國民經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速工業(yè)化進(jìn)程，從而使得中國由一個(gè)一窮二白的農(nóng)民國家，在20多年之間通過自力更生，而初步建立起一個(gè)門類齊全的工業(yè)化基礎(chǔ)。
As the founding father as well as the early ruler of the New China, Mao Zedong accomplished numerous achievements during his lifetime, and one of his greatest achievements is, under his guidance, China has successfully accomplished the rapid industrialization of its national economy, which allowed China, an agricultural country used to be in the state of “poverty and blankness”, to initially set up its industrial system complete in range through only decades of independent efforts.
美國歷史學(xué)者莫里斯·邁斯納論中國經(jīng)濟(jì)的現(xiàn)代化歷程時(shí)指出：
Maurice Jerome Meisner, an American historian, pointed out the following view while commenting on the modernization course of the Chinese economy:
“——盡管曾經(jīng)存在所有的失敗和挫折，但是毛澤東時(shí)代卻是中國的現(xiàn)代工業(yè)革命的時(shí)期，這一結(jié)論是不可避免的。曾經(jīng)長期被西方蔑視為“亞洲病夫”的中國，20世紀(jì)50年代初期以小于比利時(shí)工業(yè)規(guī)模的工業(yè)為開始，而在毛澤東的時(shí)代結(jié)束時(shí)，卻以世界上6個(gè)最大工業(yè)國之一的姿態(tài)出現(xiàn)于世界之前。
“Despite all the past failures and setbacks, it’s still unavoidable to draw the conclusion that the Mao Zedong Era was China’s modern industrial revolution period. China, which used to be despised as “sick man of East Asia “by the West for a long period of time, started in the early 1950s with an industry whose scale was even smaller than that of Belgium; but at the end of the Mao Zedong Era, it came in front of the world as one of the world’s six largest industrial countries.”
中國的國民收入在1952年——1978年的25年間增加了4倍，即從1952年的600億元增加到1978年的3000億元，而工業(yè)在增加的國民收入中所占的比例最大。人均國民收入指數(shù)(以不變價(jià)格計(jì)算)從1949年的100(1952年的160)增加到1957年的217和1978年的440。
During the quarter from 1952 to 1978, China’s national income increased by four times, that is, from 60 billion in 1952 to 300 billion in 1978, with its industrial income accounting for the biggest share in the increased income. And the index of China’s per capita national income (by fixed prices) increased from 100 in 1949 (160 in 1952) to 217 in 1957 and then to 440 in 1978.
在毛澤東時(shí)代的最后20年間(這是毛澤東的后繼者們評(píng)價(jià)不高的一個(gè)時(shí)期)，而且連大躍進(jìn)的經(jīng)濟(jì)災(zāi)難也估計(jì)在內(nèi)，中國的國民收入在1957年至1975年期間翻了一番多——人均增加63%。
Over the last two decades in the Mao Zedong Era (which is also the period receiving not so high evaluation from Mao Zedong’s successors), even including the economic disasters brought about by the Great Leap Forward, China’s national income more than doubled from 1957 to 1975, with an increase of 63% per capita.
———無論人們將毛澤東時(shí)代作何種評(píng)價(jià)，正是這個(gè)中國現(xiàn)代工業(yè)革命時(shí)期為中國現(xiàn)代經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展奠定了根本的基礎(chǔ)，使中國從一個(gè)完全的農(nóng)業(yè)國家變成了一個(gè)以工業(yè)為主的國家。1952年，工業(yè)占國民生產(chǎn)總值的30%，農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)值占64%;而到1975年，這個(gè)比率顛倒過來了，工業(yè)占國家經(jīng)濟(jì)生產(chǎn)的72%，農(nóng)業(yè)則僅占28%了。
-- No matter how people will evaluate the Mao Zedong Era, it is this modern industrial revolution period of China that had laid the fundamental basis for the development of the country’s modern economy and had transformed China from a complete agricultural country to a country with industry as its economic cornerstone. In 1952, the total industrial output value only accounted for 30% in Chin’s Gross National Product (GNP), and the total agricultural output value occupied a proportion of 64%; yet by the year of 1975, this ratio had reversed, the industrial output value accounted for 72% in Chin’s GNP, while the percentage of the agricultural output value dropped to 28%.
其實(shí)毛澤東的那個(gè)時(shí)代遠(yuǎn)非是現(xiàn)在普遍傳聞中所謂的經(jīng)濟(jì)停滯時(shí)代。而是世界歷史上最偉大的現(xiàn)代化時(shí)代之一，與德國、日本等幾個(gè)現(xiàn)代工業(yè)舞臺(tái)上的主要后起之秀的工業(yè)化過程中最快速時(shí)期相比毫不遜色。”
In fact, the Mao Zedong Era has far from been the so-called period of economic stagnation which is widely rumored now. Being one of the greatest modernization eras in the world, the Mao Zedong Era was no less splendid even compared with the quickest industrialization periods in the several promising young industrial powers, such as Germany and Japan, in the modern industrial arena of the world.
所以，當(dāng)之無愧地可以論定，毛澤東，他乃是現(xiàn)代中國的工業(yè)化之父。
Therefore, there is no doubt that Mao Zedong fully deserves to be called the father of industrialization of the modern China.
7
黑格爾說：“婢仆眼中無英雄。但那并非因?yàn)橛⑿鄄皇怯⑿郏且驗(yàn)殒酒椭皇擎酒?”
Hegel said: “There exists no hero in the eyes of servants. But it’s not because the hero is not a hero, but because the servants are only servants!”
英雄也有錯(cuò)誤以至荒謬，偉人也有弱點(diǎn)以至隱私。耶穌佛陀都是肉身之人。哪個(gè)偉人不是肉骨凡胎之身?所以馬克思說：“人性具有的一切我都具有!”
Heroes may get wrong or even absurd sometimes, and great men may also have weaknesses and privacy. Just as Jesus and Buddha are both flesh and blood, all great man are just mortal beings. That’s why Marx said: “I have all what humanity has!”
但是，偉人之所以是偉人，是因其所創(chuàng)造的偉大功勛及業(yè)績恒在。
However, the reason for a great man being great is because his outstandingly meritorious deeds and achievement shall last forever.
偉人就是偉人!不會(huì)因?yàn)橛斜姸嘞?、庸才、妾?如張戎一類)、洋奴以及生前敵人的任何蔑罵、詆毀而貶落絲毫!
A great man is great indeed! And his radiance shall not eclipse even the slightest iota due to any abuse, slander, or degeneration from those many gangsters and the like, the mediocre, servants and concubines (as Zhang Rong and the like), flunkeys of imperialism as well as his enemies.
托爾斯泰蔑視當(dāng)時(shí)人對拿破侖的攻擊說：“他們都以為自己是道德完人。但是道德完美的庸夫只是庸夫，一個(gè)遍體鱗傷的英雄仍然是英雄。”“鷹有時(shí)飛得比雞還低，但是雞永遠(yuǎn)無法飛得象鷹那么高!”
Tolstoy showed his contempt for those who attacked Napoleon: “They all think that they were morally perfect. But a morally perfect mediocre person is but a mediocre person, and a hero covered all over with cuts and bruises is still a hero.” “Sometimes the eagle flies lower than the chicken, but the chicken can never fly as high as the eagle!”
英雄功業(yè)在，光芒日月長，不知群兒愚，哪用故謗傷?蚍蜉撼大樹，可笑不自量。不過如此而已。
The glory of the hero’s great feat shall last as perpetual as the sun and moon, and how foolish the crowds are to pile their libelous words on the hero! Such silly ones are no better than a tiny insect trying to shake a mighty tree but being ludicrously ignorant of its own weakness.
歷史從不完美。歷史永遠(yuǎn)曲折。全部人類歷史所昭示的，就是人類是一種永遠(yuǎn)不斷犯錯(cuò)誤的宇宙低等動(dòng)物。
Instead of being perfect all the time, history is forever full of twists and turns. As is manifested by all human history, human beings are merely a kind of lowly creatures who will always make mistakes in the universe.
天地不仁，以萬物為芻狗。個(gè)人會(huì)犯錯(cuò)誤，人群會(huì)犯錯(cuò)誤，政黨會(huì)犯錯(cuò)誤，國家也會(huì)犯錯(cuò)誤。這個(gè)意義上的所謂歷史，不過是無數(shù)代人無數(shù)錯(cuò)誤的疊加而已。一部人類歷史就是后來者不斷繼續(xù)犯錯(cuò)和試圖改錯(cuò)，也仍然難免越改越錯(cuò)的歷史。
Leaving the concerns of benevolence and preference out of account, the universe treats all things as equally as it treats its own sacrificial offerings. Individuals make mistakes, crowds make mistakes, a party makes mistakes, and a country also makes mistakes. In this sense, the so-called history is but the overlapping of countless mistakes made by countless generations of people, and a certain part of the future human history is but the mistakes made by people and the deeds of correcting these mistakes by the latecomers. So sometimes the changes will inevitably lead to an increasingly wrong history.
迄今為止，歷史多有黑暗，歷史并不公正，歷史只為勝利者而寫?？嘈炼嘤谛腋＃飷憾嘤诠饷?。什么自由、民主、博愛之類普世價(jià)值，不過都是說得好聽而難以實(shí)踐的欺人之談。
So far, the human history has been dark and unfair and only a record of the winners. In it, one would find more bitterness than happiness, and more sins than brightness. Freedom, democracy, humanity, the so-called universal values are but deceptive empty talks pleasant to the ear yet hard to be put into practice.
幸虧歷史中不定期地會(huì)出現(xiàn)偉人，如流星一樣短暫而照徹黑暗。但在偉人存在的時(shí)代中，歷史出現(xiàn)了瞬間光明。毛澤東把一個(gè)歷經(jīng)百年戰(zhàn)亂、分崩離析、遍體鱗傷的華夏民族帶上世界舞臺(tái)的中心，在瞬間迸發(fā)出燦爛耀眼的光芒，從而使這個(gè)民族擺脫卑賤與卑劣，擺脫庸俗。
Fortunately, history has generated great men from time to time, who would temporarily illuminate the thick darkness with their dazzling meteoric light. In the ages when these great men lived, a flash of light appeared in history. The Chinese nation used to be disintegrate and torn by dissension and covered all over with cuts and bruises after the century-long chaotic wars. But Mao Zedong brought it onto the center of the world stage. After that, it instantly emitted a brilliant and dazzling light, making the nation get rid of its lowliness, humbleness and vulgarity in the past.
毛澤東不是任何外人強(qiáng)加給中國人的。歷史選擇了毛澤東。而這是中華民族最明智、最偉大的選擇。在那個(gè)時(shí)代，華夏民族因?yàn)橛忻珴蓶|而充滿自信和自豪!
Mao Zedong has not been someone imposed onto the Chinese people by outsiders, but the choice made by history itself, as well as the greatest and most sensible choice made by the Chinese nation. At that time, because of Mao Zedong, the Chinese nation was once again replete with confidence and pride!
8
20世紀(jì)是人類歷史上充滿傳奇戲劇性的世紀(jì)。偉人代出，燦若群星，從右翼的丘吉爾、羅斯福、戴高樂，到左翼的列寧、斯大林、鐵托、卡斯特羅和毛澤東，都是非凡的杰出領(lǐng)袖。
A legendary and dramatic century in the human history, the twentieth century has witnessed a galaxy of great men. From the right-wing Churchill, Roosevelt, and De Gaulle to the left-wing Lenin, Stalin, Tito, Castro and Mao Zedong, they were all extraordinary and distinguished leaders.
但是，20世紀(jì)并非一個(gè)光明的太平世紀(jì)。這個(gè)世紀(jì)是戰(zhàn)爭的世紀(jì)、亂離而動(dòng)蕩的世紀(jì)，是充滿血與火，發(fā)生過南京大屠殺，殺人如麻，人命賤如草的世紀(jì)。是威斯康辛集中營與古拉格群島并存的世紀(jì)。
But the twentieth century was far from being a bright and peaceful century. On the contrary, it’s a century of war, division and turmoil, a century full of blood and fire; it’s a century when the Nanjing massacre took place and when numerous human beings were slaughtered as cheap as dirt; it’s the century when the Wisconsin concentration camp coexisted with the Gulag archipelago.
這個(gè)世紀(jì)之所以并非純粹的黑暗世紀(jì)，唯一的光明就在于這個(gè)世紀(jì)也是勇者抗?fàn)幣c奮斗的世紀(jì)。20世紀(jì)中，被壓迫的第三世界賤民們不斷起而造反。對于中國人來說，這個(gè)世紀(jì)是追隨毛澤東暴動(dòng)的世紀(jì)，反抗的世紀(jì)，革命的世紀(jì)，是華夏民族鏖戰(zhàn)圖強(qiáng)的一個(gè)偉大世紀(jì)。
The reason why this century has not been reduced to a completely dark age is because it’s also the century of the fighting and struggles of the brave ones, who brought to people the only brightness in the dark. In the middle of the twentieth century, the oppressed in the third world made continuously rebellions against the oppressors. For the Chinese people, this was the century of uprising, rebellion and revolution under the guidance of Mao Zedong, this was the great century when the Chinese nation strove to become stronger.
這個(gè)世紀(jì)以第一次世界大戰(zhàn)開始，隨之爆發(fā)1917年蘇維埃革命，在60年代末以中國的文化大革命而掀起一個(gè)震撼全球資本主義體系的大革命狂潮。
The twentieth century began with the First World War, and shortly after that, the Soviet revolution broke out in 1917. Then China’s Cultural Revolution at the end of the 1960s set off a revolutionary tide that shocked the global capitalist system.
文化大革命失敗后，革命意識(shí)形態(tài)崩解，導(dǎo)致九十年代全球社會(huì)主義體制的解體，世界轉(zhuǎn)向新資本主義和新帝國主義的全球化運(yùn)動(dòng)。世襲的羅氏家族、摩根家族、洛克菲勒金融家族主掌全球金權(quán)而企圖控制人類。
After the failure of the Great Cultural Revolution, the revolutionary ideologies fell apart, leading to the disintegration of socialist systems throughout the globe in the 1990s. At the same time, the globalization movements of new capitalism and neo-imperialism have emerged as new world’s trends. The hereditary Rothschild family, Morgan family, and Rockefeller financial family which had the global financial power in their hands were attempting to take all mankind under their control.
人類未來所將面臨的并不是什么光明千禧，而將是千年黑暗。在一個(gè)罪惡的計(jì)劃中，地球的2/3多余人口被垃圾化、邊緣化，可能將被轉(zhuǎn)基因、毒疫苗、艾滋病或其他人工病毒和化學(xué)毒食物鏈無聲滅絕……
What confronted mankind was a bright millennium, but a thousand years of darkness. In an evil plan, two-thirds of populations on the earth would be marginalized or treated as rubbish, or they might silently die from genetic modification, toxic vaccines, AIDS or other artificial viruses and food chain poisoned by chemicals...
這一切本來是15世紀(jì)地理發(fā)現(xiàn)和全球化運(yùn)動(dòng)以來，金融資本主義向全球帝國主義秩序演化所設(shè)定的宿命。
All of this had been the fate settled for mankind by the financial capitalism’s evolution towards global imperialism since the Great Geographical Discovery in the fifteenth century and the globalization movement.
僅僅因?yàn)槊珴蓶|的出現(xiàn)，歷史在20 世紀(jì)改道而行。
Merely because of the appearance of Mao Zedong, history has changed its course in the twentieth century.
毛澤東是20世紀(jì)率領(lǐng)億萬賤民造反的領(lǐng)袖，是率領(lǐng)奴隸粉碎鎖鏈的英雄。毛澤東是大革命中誕生的角斗士，是現(xiàn)代的斯巴達(dá)克斯。他用精神和物質(zhì)的原子彈摧毀了西方自由石匠(“Free and Accepted Masons")的鐵幕。至少在那個(gè)短暫的時(shí)代，全世界被壓迫的賤民和奴隸們看到了陽光與藍(lán)天。
Mao Zedong was the leader who led hundreds of millions of “untouchables” to rise in rebellions, the hero who commanded the slaves to smash the shackles and chains. Mao Zedong was the gladiator born in the great revolutions, the modern Spartacus. He destroyed the iron screen of “the Free and Accepted Masons” in the West with his material and spiritual atomic bomb. At least in a short period of time, all poor slaves and oppressed people throughout the world saw the bright sunshine and blue skies.
大革命并未因毛澤東的死亡而終結(jié)。毛澤東所留下的精神和政治遺產(chǎn)，包括文化革命留下的遺產(chǎn)和問題，仍會(huì)被后人們不斷地思索和研究下去。
The great revolution shall not end with the demise of Mao Zedong. The spiritual and political legacies left by Mao Zedong, including the legacy and problems left from the Great Cultural Revolution, shall continue to be meditated and studied by the future generations.
當(dāng)然，正如一切偉人一樣，永遠(yuǎn)會(huì)有人繼續(xù)詆毀和詛咒他。死去的毛澤東，也還是世界資產(chǎn)階級(jí)心目中一個(gè)可怕而難以消除的魔咒。
Naturally, just like what happened to all great men, there will always be some people continuing to disparage and curse him. Nevertheless, Mao Zedong, even after his death, still remains as a formidable spell difficult to be removed in the heart of the world’s capitalist class.
9
偉人必是悲劇。毛澤東的一生是悲劇。他的晚期生活更是一部壯烈的悲劇。毛澤東的悲劇在于他過于偉大，偉大得令人難以理解、難以置信。
A great man’s life is doomed to be a tragedy. So the life of Mao Zedong was also a tragedy, and his later years were even more tragic. Mao Zedong led a tragic life in that he was overwhelmingly great, too great to be understood and believed by others.
晚年毛澤東的根本悲劇在于，他在60年代終于發(fā)現(xiàn)他一生奮斗所營造成功的大廈——恰恰是他當(dāng)初的革命初衷所欲摧毀的那個(gè)資本主義和官僚制度的大廈。于是，毛澤東毅然以耄耋之年再一次發(fā)動(dòng)奮力攻擊，試圖摧毀一切而重新來過。但是驀然回首，卻已經(jīng)是孤家寡人和殘病之軀，而腳下躺滿了昔日戰(zhàn)友的尸體。
The fundamental tragedy of Mao Zedong in his old age is, in the 1960s, he finally found that the grand mansion he had exhausted his lifelong endeavors to build turned out to be the tall building of capitalism and bureaucracy that he intended to destroy from the very beginning. Hence, at such an old age, Mao Zedong once again took upon himself to launch hard attacks, attempting to destroy everything and start all over again. But when he suddenly turned around, he found himself being a weak, solitary old man without followers, and the bodies of his erstwhile comrades lying under his feet.
“天意從來高難問，況人情老易悲難訴!”“時(shí)來天地皆同力，運(yùn)去英雄不自由。”“風(fēng)雷帳下英雄在，鼓角燈前老淚多。”這些詩句就是毛澤東晚年自況之心曲。
“The thoughts of Heaven have always been hard to speculate; to whom we could confess our sadness which is a frequent visitor in the old age!” “With luck, the entire universe is by your side; without luck, even the hero could not act freely.” “Under the tent in gale and thunder was the then hero in his prime, before the lamp in drums and horns is the now old man shedding his tears.” These poetic lines are a confession of Mao Zedong in his old age.
時(shí)無英雄，遂使豎子成名。他那四個(gè)追隨者無一不是猥瑣渺小的卑劣之徒，辜負(fù)了他的信托。“播下龍種，收獲跳蚤”——“這場文化大革命，贊成的不多，反對的不少”，終于，巨人毛澤東不得不面對和承認(rèn)失敗。晚年毛澤東，悲涼心境宛如現(xiàn)代版的李爾王(KingLear)。
The time begetting no heroes, Mao Zedong then expected some great deeds from his young followers. While all the four followers of his turned out to be worthless and despicable characters, who failed to live up to his trust and expectations. “Sowing the descendants of a dragon, while only reaping some fleas” -- “this Great Cultural Revolution, few were in favor of it, and a lot were against it”. At last, Mao Zedong the giant had to face and admit his defeat. The forlorn and dismal state of Mao Zedong in his later years was but a modern version of King Lear.
The time begetting no heroes, Mao Zedong then expected some great deeds from his young followers. While all the four followers of his turned out to be worthless and despicable characters, who failed to live up to his trust and expectations. “Sowing the descendants of a dragon, while only reaping some fleas” -- “this Great Cultural Revolution, few were in favor of it, and a lot were against it”. At last, Mao Zedong the giant had to face and admit his defeat. The forlorn and dismal state of Mao Zedong in his later years was but a modern version of King Lear.
晚年毛澤東身患運(yùn)動(dòng)神經(jīng)元病(MND,motorneurondisease),失去自主行動(dòng)能力
Suffering from motor neuron disease (MND) in his later years, Mao Zedong lost his ability of autonomous movements.
10
但是時(shí)來運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，歷史證明，毛澤東仍然是對的!
However, with the luck turning in his favor, history has proved that Mao Zedong is correct!
現(xiàn)實(shí)中的“社會(huì)主義”制度，并非所理想和當(dāng)初他試圖營造的那個(gè)平等、公平、沒有階級(jí)存在的社會(huì)——這個(gè)社會(huì)內(nèi)部仍存在著極其深刻復(fù)雜的階級(jí)矛盾、沖突、對抗和斗爭。
The real “socialist system”, instead of being as ideal as a fair and equitable society without classes and being the society that he had determined to establish, was in fact a society in which there were extremely profound and complicated class conflicts, confrontations and struggle.
毛澤東生前曾經(jīng)說，社會(huì)革命不會(huì)終結(jié)，一萬年后還有斗爭!歷史永不終結(jié)，矛盾和斗爭永不終結(jié)。
Mao Zedong once said, the social revolutions would never end and that there would be struggles in ten thousand years! History shall never end, neither shall conflicts and struggles.
毛澤東曾經(jīng)預(yù)言，如果未來中國出現(xiàn)右派當(dāng)權(quán)而以“自由主義”為名義的內(nèi)外資產(chǎn)階級(jí)和買辦勢力的聯(lián)合專政，那將是多數(shù)人民的災(zāi)難。但是，工人階級(jí)和貧苦大眾的反抗運(yùn)動(dòng)，就一定會(huì)前仆后繼地發(fā)生。毛澤東對此曾經(jīng)詛咒說：“中國如果發(fā)生反共的右派政變，我斷定他們是不得安寧的。”
Mao Zedong has also predicted, if China’s right parties should come to the power in the future, or if there should appear the joint dictatorship of the domestic and foreign capitalist classes and comprador classes in China, the majority of Chinese people would be living in disasters. However, in that case, there would also be wave upon wave of rebellions from the working class and the poor. Mao Zedong used to curse: “If there should be coups from the anti-communist right-wing parties in China, I am sure they will be never at peace.”
毛澤東留下了極其豐富的政治遺產(chǎn)。重要的是，他的革命精神和意識(shí)形態(tài)已經(jīng)深深地熔鑄進(jìn)了這個(gè)民族的政治文化中!
Mao Zedong has left to the latecomers rich political legacies. More importantly, his revolutionary spirit and ideologies have deeply incorporated into the political culture of this nation!
11
英國史家羅斯在總論拿破侖畢生事業(yè)時(shí)指出：
The British historian Ross once said the following lines while commenting on the lifelong great cause of Napoleon:
“盡管遭受了慘重的失敗，他在治理國家，煥發(fā)人民才智和運(yùn)用戰(zhàn)爭藝術(shù)等方面，完全是超群絕倫，偉大之極。他的偉大，不但在于他那些最出色的業(yè)績具有永恒的重要性，而更在于他的始創(chuàng)性，以至在完成所有這些業(yè)績中投入了雄偉非凡的力量!
“Despite his heavy losses, he was still incomparably superior and extremely great in managing the country, mobilizing his people’s intelligence and applying the art of war. His greatness has not only dwelled in the eternal importance of his most outstanding exploits, but also dwelled in his ingenuity as well as the magnificent and extraordinary power that he had devoted to accomplishing all these achievements!
——這種力量，使得遍布他后半生征途上的那些巍然屹立的紀(jì)念碑，雖然飽受狂風(fēng)暴雨的摧殘，卻還是宏奇壯麗!屈處于奴役之下的民族不可能有這樣的成就。
-- This power has made the towering monuments, which could be found everywhere along the journey of his later years and which had suffered so much from the tempestuous weather, still remain magnificent and glorious! A nation bending over to slavery could never make such achievement.
人類畢竟不以最高的榮譽(yù)授予那些謹(jǐn)小慎微、知難而退、毫無建樹傳于后世的庸碌之輩，而是把它授予胸懷大志、敢作敢為、功勛卓著，甚至在自己和千百萬人同遭大禍之際還主宰著千萬人之心的人。”
After all, mankind, instead of granting its highest honor to those timorous and mediocre ones shrinking back from difficulties and leaving nothing noteworthy to the later generations, always grants its highest honor to those ambitious ones daring to do everything and accomplishing notable exploits, to those who could dominate the hearts of hundreds of millions of people even when they themselves were confronted with the same peril as the rest.”
毛澤東的偉大，當(dāng)然無可比擬地超過19世紀(jì)的法蘭西皇帝波拿巴·拿破侖!
Mao Zedong’s greatness is naturally and unquestionably beyond that of Napoléon Bonaparte, the French Emperor in the nineteenth century.
毛澤東!——這個(gè)駕馭中國革命而改造了中國之人性和社會(huì)生活的人，
Mao Zedong! -- The man who commanded the Chinese revolution and transformed the human nature of the Chinese people and social life of the Chinese nation;
這個(gè)以人民戰(zhàn)爭的形式領(lǐng)導(dǎo)了20世紀(jì)歷史中時(shí)間最長、規(guī)模最大、席卷人口最多的偉大國內(nèi)戰(zhàn)爭和革命群眾運(yùn)動(dòng)的人;
The man who led, in the form of people’s war, the longest and largest civil war and people’s revolutionary movement that swept the largest population in the twentieth century;
這個(gè)動(dòng)員十億人民，在九百六十萬平方公里的土地上，以超人之偉力，試圖營造一個(gè)沒有階級(jí)、沒有剝削、沒有私有制的烏托邦的人;
The man who mobilized, with his superhuman power, one billion people to build on the territory of nine million and six hundred thousand square kilometers a Utopia where there is no class, nor exploitation, nor private ownership;
這個(gè)打破了雅爾塔三強(qiáng)瓜分世界協(xié)議、打破了冷戰(zhàn)的兩極格局，從而使中國巍然崛起而起成為世界之第三極的人;
The man who broke the Yalta agreements which allowed the three big powers to carve up the world, who smashed the bipolar structure resulting from the Cold War, who made China rise imposingly to be the third pole in the world;
這個(gè)導(dǎo)致20世紀(jì)后半期的全球帝國主義地緣政治結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生根本改變的人;
The man who brought about fundamental changes to the geopolitical structure of global imperialism in the latter half of the twentieth century;
這個(gè)發(fā)起了十字軍東征以來最偉大的群眾行動(dòng)、使西方勢力被逐出于東方的人;
The man who has launched the greatest mass movement ever since the Crusades conquer and thus driven the Western powers out of the Eastern land;
這個(gè)最終把億萬人的思念引向天安門前那塊孤獨(dú)聳立的巖石背后的方形大廈的人;
The man who directs the lament and missing of hundreds of millions of people to the square mansion standing behind the lonely rock in the Tian’anmen Square;
——必將永遠(yuǎn)屹立于人類歷史上千古不朽者的最前列!!!
Shall always stand towering in the forefront of immortals in the human history!!!
［2003年12月初稿 。2017年1月8日最后改定，何新］
First draft finished in December 2003; final draft finished in January 8, 2017, by He Xin.
【附注】
[Note]
《毛澤東傳》的作者特里爾說：“事情總是這么奇怪，五十、六十年代詆毀他最多的政府，1976年卻對他的贊辭最多。有些領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人說他是人類歷史上一千年才會(huì)出現(xiàn)一個(gè)的天才。
Ross Terrill, the author of Mao: A Biography, said: “Things have always been so strange. The governments who disparaged him the most in the 1950s or 1960s gave him the most encomiums in 1976. Some rulers said that he was a genius who appeared only once in a thousand years in the human history.”
美國《新聞周刊》在毛澤東逝世的當(dāng)天發(fā)表的社論標(biāo)題是《歷史上最后一位巨人》。社論說：“ 沒有任何崇拜者會(huì)比他生前的對手和敵人，更知道毛澤東存在的意義和份量。”
On the same day of Mao Zedong’s death, the American magazine “News Week” published an editorial titled “The Last Giant in History”, which wrote, “No admirer knows better the meaning and weight of Mao Zedong’s existence than his adversaries and enemies.”