在采訪中,“倪博也肯定了轉(zhuǎn)基因作物的安全性。他說,在農(nóng)業(yè)領(lǐng)域,沒有任何一項(xiàng)技術(shù)比生物技術(shù)得到了更充分的測試,已證明生物技術(shù)是在環(huán)境可持續(xù)條件下提高糧食產(chǎn)量的重要工具,并且是安全的?!?/p>
評論
說這樣的話,真的是很不科學(xué)的,也是很不負(fù)責(zé)任的。作為明尼蘇達(dá)大學(xué)細(xì)胞遺傳學(xué)博士,倪博先生應(yīng)該非常清楚,轉(zhuǎn)基因的生物技術(shù)是非常不成熟的,轉(zhuǎn)基因的生物是高度不穩(wěn)定的,“測試”一說也是非常模糊的:測試什么?什么叫更充分?更充分是足夠充分嗎?測試沒有轉(zhuǎn)過基因的作物,和測試轉(zhuǎn)過基因的作物,怎么相比?實(shí)際上,到現(xiàn)在為止還什么都沒有證明:抗蟲的轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)只能抗一種蟲,不能解決次生害蟲為害,不能減少農(nóng)藥用量,不能降低農(nóng)業(yè)的化學(xué)投入;抗除草劑的轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)已經(jīng)造成為害更重的超級草——見紐約時(shí)報(bào)報(bào)道[5],多種抗草甘膦的雜草在美國多個(gè)州蔓延成災(zāi)。
這樣的轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù),并沒有被證明是長時(shí)期中“提高糧食產(chǎn)量的重要工具,并且是安全的”。關(guān)心農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)的人,都應(yīng)該知道這些,都應(yīng)該知道“轉(zhuǎn)基因作物的安全性”其實(shí)是沒有保證的。倪博先生不會不知道這些,所以我估計(jì)你決不會面對著美國人講這廢話。美國國家科學(xué)院2010年4月13日發(fā)表報(bào)告:“基因工程作物對美國農(nóng)場可持續(xù)性的影響”,同一天紐約時(shí)報(bào)也有評論:“研究表明過度種植基因改造作物得不償失”[6],這些你不應(yīng)該不知道。如果你知道了還這樣說,那我非常懷疑、并且希望了解你的真實(shí)動機(jī)。
倪博先生順著中國媒體說主流愛聽的話,幫助中國快些走上轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)路線,而無視上述所有他本人專業(yè)范圍內(nèi)的簡單明了的“科學(xué)”問題——他是在明目張膽地把全中國人民和科學(xué)界當(dāng)小孩子哄騙。
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[2] 杜邦公司就先玉335是轉(zhuǎn)基因玉米的報(bào)道發(fā)表聲明http://www.sina.com.cn 2010年09月21日 17:13 新浪財(cái)經(jīng),見:http://finance.sina.com.cn/consume/gfpl/20100921/17138694902.shtml
[6] Impact of Genetically Engineered Crops on Farm Sustainability in the United States, Study Says Overuse Threatens Gains From Modified Crops: NYT,April 13, 2010, By ANDREW POLLACK.
(接上文)最后,“曾參與起草農(nóng)業(yè)部《農(nóng)業(yè)生物基因工程安全管理實(shí)施辦法》的中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院生物技術(shù)所研究員賈士榮也告訴中國經(jīng)濟(jì)時(shí)報(bào)記者,批準(zhǔn)的轉(zhuǎn)基因作物都是安全的。有媒體報(bào)道老鼠消失、母豬流產(chǎn)是因?yàn)槌粤宿D(zhuǎn)基因的玉米,是沒有科學(xué)根據(jù)的。比如轉(zhuǎn)基因作物中含有的Bt殺蟲蛋白是專門針對鱗翅目昆蟲的,有明確的特異性,而哺乳動物的腸胃系統(tǒng)中沒有Bt蛋白的受體,因此即使哺乳動物吃了轉(zhuǎn)基因玉米,也不會影響到它們的生命力?!?/p>
我想這樣理解賈研究員所說:
(1)“批準(zhǔn)的轉(zhuǎn)基因作物都是安全的”:中國只批準(zhǔn)了轉(zhuǎn)基因木瓜、西紅柿、等蔬菜水果,現(xiàn)在還沒有“確鑿的證據(jù)”證明它們不安全;在中國,“轉(zhuǎn)基因安全性”不包括別的轉(zhuǎn)基因作物,尤其不包括玉米——我國還沒有考慮搞抗蟲抗除草劑的轉(zhuǎn)基因玉米,轉(zhuǎn)基因安全性在中國決不包括玉米??!別的國家要怎么決定、要怎么看待,讓別的國家的法律去規(guī)定,和我們無關(guān)——轉(zhuǎn)基因玉米在中國現(xiàn)在是非法的,現(xiàn)在還不能討論它的安全性?。?/p>
(2)生態(tài)異象——老鼠消失、母豬生殖異常是否因?yàn)橄扔?35引起,所需要的根據(jù)是事實(shí),不是你的“科學(xué)”;種植了先玉335的農(nóng)民不懂轉(zhuǎn)基因科學(xué),但是他們具有普通人的智慧,他們不用被“轉(zhuǎn)基因生物完全安全”這條科學(xué)的繩索束縛頭腦,他們有權(quán)力從自己身邊逐漸出現(xiàn)的生態(tài)異象中,提出他們自己的假設(shè):老鼠消失是被觀察到的不太久的現(xiàn)象,僅僅種植了3-5年的雜交玉米先玉335,是最大的“嫌疑人”(除了最初的種植區(qū)以外,大部分地區(qū)推廣先玉335的時(shí)間為3-5年)。你不許他們假設(shè)先玉335可疑,他們也要這樣假設(shè)——你沒有權(quán)力制止他們質(zhì)疑先玉335可能的危害。這個(gè)假設(shè)不是“有媒體”無中生有、無事生非,隨意想象杜撰出來的,“有媒體”只不過是報(bào)道了這種現(xiàn)象和想法。科學(xué)變成應(yīng)用技術(shù)以后,只能用實(shí)踐的后果來評定,你把這個(gè)道理反過來了,你要用“科學(xué)”來評定一項(xiàng)技術(shù)的應(yīng)用,你的智慧比不上種植先玉335的那些農(nóng)民。
(3)你說“Bt殺蟲蛋白是專門針對鱗翅目昆蟲的”,不會影響哺乳動物(包括我們?nèi)祟悾┑纳Α_@個(gè)結(jié)論不對,至少早已過時(shí)。駁你都嫌無聊——事實(shí)很多,美國衛(wèi)生部都曾經(jīng)發(fā)表論文,說明Bt轉(zhuǎn)基因作物傷害動物內(nèi)臟;你作為科學(xué)家不僅應(yīng)該了解,而且應(yīng)該向業(yè)內(nèi)和商業(yè)技術(shù)開發(fā)者提醒,Bt(有許多種)非常可能會引起過敏。
中國的科學(xué)家,在中國推廣轉(zhuǎn)基因糧食比美國人都更賣力,這是何苦?
用美國杜邦先鋒公司的玉米種質(zhì)開發(fā)的、中國審定的雜交玉米先玉335,在推廣種植后數(shù)年內(nèi),在種植它的東北、華北地區(qū)出現(xiàn)了令人驚駭?shù)膭游锂惓!I鷳B(tài)異像是事實(shí),這是無法否認(rèn)的?!坝忻襟w”報(bào)道了這個(gè)現(xiàn)象后,網(wǎng)上信息報(bào)告了更多更大范圍的生態(tài)異常,比“有媒體”了解到的還要嚴(yán)重得多。
現(xiàn)在該有關(guān)部門行動起來了吧,立即進(jìn)行全面的調(diào)查和分析,采取有效果的行動!我們沒有時(shí)間呆在城市的辦公室里,在媒體上發(fā)表似是而非的言辭,力圖否認(rèn)或者掩蓋事實(shí)。面對這個(gè)令人坐臥不安的生態(tài)異常現(xiàn)象,我們無法安睡,我們必須盡快找到真正的原因,必須盡快解決問題。
請杜邦先鋒公司也行動起來,首先為中國的農(nóng)民出一份正式的、有法律效力的證明,給你們的客戶,種植了先玉335的中國農(nóng)民一個(gè)明明白白的說法!請承擔(dān)你們應(yīng)該而且必須承擔(dān)的責(zé)任,而不是在中國的媒體上對他們反反復(fù)復(fù)說些不著邊際的話。請不要壓制他們警惕和保衛(wèi)自身安全的普通人的智慧!
下面是PH4CV的全部31項(xiàng)專利要求,信息來源是它的網(wǎng)上專利文件。為了不引起誤解,中英兩文都列出,等待高明指正。譯文來源同注[4]。
What is claimed is:
申請保護(hù)的內(nèi)容是:
1. A seed of maize inbred line designated PH4CV, representative seed of said line having been deposited under ATCC Accession No. PTA-4673.
名稱為PH4CV的玉米自交系的種子,所指的自交系的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)種子已保存在美國生物標(biāo)本收藏中心(ATCC),登記號為No. PTA-4673。
2. A maize plant, or a part thereof, produced by growing the seed of claim 1.
種植申請保護(hù)內(nèi)容1的種子所產(chǎn)生的玉米植株或器官。
3. The maize plant of claim 2, wherein said plant has been detasseled.
已被去雄的申請保護(hù)內(nèi)容2的玉米植株。
4. A tissue culture of regenerable cells produced from the plant of claim 2.
由申請保護(hù)內(nèi)容2的植株所產(chǎn)生的再生細(xì)胞的組織培養(yǎng)。
5. A protoplast produced from the tissue culture of claim 4.
由申請保護(hù)內(nèi)容4的組織培養(yǎng)所產(chǎn)生的原生質(zhì)體。
6. The tissue culture of claim 4, wherein cells of the tissue culture are produced from a tissue selected from the group consisting of leaf, pollen, embryo, root, root tip, anther, silk, flower, kernel, ear, cob, husk and stalk.
申請保護(hù)內(nèi)容4的組織培養(yǎng),這里組織培養(yǎng)的細(xì)胞由以下組織產(chǎn)生:葉片、花粉、胚胎、根系、根尖、花藥、花絲、花、籽粒、穗、穗軸、包葉、莖稈。
7. A maize plant regenerated from the tissue culture of claim 4, said plant having all the morphological and physiological characteristics of inbred line PH4CV, representative seed of said inbred line having been deposited under ATCC Accession No. PTA-4673.
申請保護(hù)內(nèi)容4的組織培養(yǎng)再生的玉米植株,該植株具有自交系PH4CV的所有形態(tài)和生理性狀,所指的自交系的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)種子已保存在美國生物標(biāo)本收藏中心(ATCC),登記號為No. PTA-4673。
8. A method for producing an F1 hybrid maize seed, comprising crossing the plant of claim 2 with a different maize plant and harvesting the resultant F1 hybrid maze seed.
生產(chǎn)F1代雜交玉米種子的方法,即將申請保護(hù)內(nèi)容2的植株與不同的玉米植株雜交,收獲所產(chǎn)生的F1代玉米雜交種子。
9. A method of producing a male sterile maize plant comprising transforming the maize plant of claim 2 with a nucleic acid molecule that confers male sterility.
產(chǎn)生雄性不育玉米植株的方法,即用可導(dǎo)致雄性不育的核酸分子轉(zhuǎn)移申請保護(hù)內(nèi)容2的玉米植株。
10. A male sterile maize plant produced by the method of claim 9.
用申請保護(hù)內(nèi)容9的方法產(chǎn)生的雄性不育玉米植株。
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(接上文)
11. A method of producing an herbicide resistant maize plant comprising transforming the maize plant of claim 2 with a transgene that confers herbicide resistance.
產(chǎn)生抗除草劑玉米植株的方法,即用可導(dǎo)致除草劑抗性的轉(zhuǎn)基因轉(zhuǎn)移申請保護(hù)內(nèi)容2的玉米植株。
12. An herbicide resistant maize plant produced by the method of claim 11.
用申請保護(hù)內(nèi)容11的方法產(chǎn)生的抗除草劑玉米植株。
13. The maize plant of claim 12, wherein the transgene confers resistance to an herbicide selected from the group consisting of imidazolinone, sulfonylurea, glyphosate, glufosinate, L-phosphinothricin, triazine and benzonitrile.
申請保護(hù)內(nèi)容12的玉米植株,其中被轉(zhuǎn)移的基因?qū)midazolinone, sulfonylurea, glyphosate, glufosinate, L-phosphinothricin, triazine and benzonitrile等除草劑具有抗性。
14. A method of producing an insect resistant maize plant comprising transforming the maize plant of claim 2 with a transgene that confers insect resistance.
產(chǎn)生抗蟲玉米植株的方法,即用可導(dǎo)致抗蟲性的轉(zhuǎn)基因轉(zhuǎn)移申請保護(hù)內(nèi)容2的玉米植株。
15. An insect resistant maize plant produced by the method of claim 14.
用申請保護(hù)內(nèi)容14的方法產(chǎn)生的抗蟲玉米植株。
16. The maize plant of claim 15, wherein the transgene encodes a Bacillus thuringiensis endotoxin.
申請保護(hù)內(nèi)容15的玉米植株,其中的轉(zhuǎn)基因可以編碼Bt內(nèi)毒素。
17. A method of producing a disease resistant maize plant comprising transforming the maize plant of claim 2 with a transgene that confers disease resistance.
產(chǎn)生抗病玉米植株的方法,即用可導(dǎo)致抗病性的轉(zhuǎn)基因轉(zhuǎn)移申請保護(hù)內(nèi)容2的玉米植株。
18. A disease resistant maize plant produced by the method of claim 17.
用申請保護(hù)內(nèi)容17的方法產(chǎn)生的抗病玉米植株。
19. A method of producing a maize plant with decreased phytate content comprising transforming the maize plant of claim 2 with a transgene encoding phytase.
產(chǎn)生低phytate含量玉米植株的方法,即用編碼phytase的轉(zhuǎn)基因轉(zhuǎn)移申請保護(hù)內(nèi)容2的玉米植株
20. A maize plant with decreased phytate content produced by the method of claim 19.
用申請保護(hù)內(nèi)容19的方法產(chǎn)生的低phytate含量的玉米植株。
21. A method of producing a maize plant with modified fatty acid metabolism or modified carbohydrate metabolism comprising transforming the maize plant of claim 2 with a transgene encoding a protein selected from the group consisting of fructosyltransferase, levansucrase, alpha-amylase, invertase and starch branching enzyme or encoding an antisense of stearyl-ACP desaturase.
產(chǎn)生修飾的脂肪酸代謝或碳水化合物代謝玉米植株的方法,即用編碼fructosyltransferase, levansucrase, alpha-amylase, invertase and starch branching enzyme or encoding an antisense of stearyl-ACP desaturase蛋白質(zhì)的轉(zhuǎn)基因轉(zhuǎn)移申請保護(hù)內(nèi)容2的玉米植株。
22. A maize plant, with modified fatty acid metabolism or modified carbohydrate metabolism, produced by the method of claim 21.
用申請保護(hù)內(nèi)容22的方法產(chǎn)生的具有修飾的脂肪酸代謝或修飾的碳水化合物代謝過程的玉米植株。
23. The maize plant of 22 wherein the transgene confers a trait selected from the group consisting of waxy starch and increased amylose starch.
申請保護(hù)內(nèi)容22的玉米植株,其轉(zhuǎn)基因?qū)е孪炠|(zhì)淀粉或高直鏈淀粉。
24. A maize plant, or part thereof, having all the physiological and morphological characteristics of the inbred line PH4CV, representative seed of said inbred line having been deposited under ATCC Accession No. PTA-4673.
具有自交系PH4CV的所有生理和形態(tài)性狀的玉米植株或器官,所指的自交系的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)種子已保存在美國生物標(biāo)本收藏中心(ATCC),登記號為No. PTA-4673。
25. A method of introducing a desired trait into maize inbred line PH4CV comprising: (a) crossing PH4CV plants grown from PH4CV seed, representative seed of which has been deposited under ATCC Accession No. PTA-4673, with plants of another maize line that comprise a desired trait to produce F1 progeny plants, wherein the desired trait is selected from the group consisting of male sterility, herbicide resistance, insect resistance, disease resistance and waxy starch; (b) selecting F1 progeny plants that have the desired trait to produce selected F1 progeny plants; (c) crossing the selected progeny plants with the PH4CV plants to produce backcross progeny plants; (d) selecting for backcross progeny plants that have the desired trait and physiological and morphological characteristics of maize inbred line PH4CV listed in Table 1 to produce selected backcross progeny plants; and (e) repeating steps (c) and (d) three or more times in succession to produce selected fourth or higher backcross progeny plants that comprise the desired trait and all of the physiological and morphological characteristics of maize inbred line PH4CV listed in Table 1 as determined at the 5% significance level when grown in the same environmental conditions.
將理想性狀導(dǎo)入玉米自交系PH4CV的方法,包括:(1)用由PH4CV種子(標(biāo)準(zhǔn)種子已保存在美國生物標(biāo)本收藏中心(ATCC),登記號為No. PTA-4673)長成的PH4CV植株,與其他具有某個(gè)理想性狀(如雄性不育、抗除草劑、抗蟲、抗病和蠟質(zhì)淀粉)的玉米品系的植株雜交,以產(chǎn)生F1代植株;(2)選擇具有理想性狀的F1代植株以得到當(dāng)選F1代植株;(3)用當(dāng)選F1代植株與PH4CV植株回交以得到回交后代植株;(4)選擇具有理想性狀和表1所列的玉米自交系PH4CV的生理和形態(tài)性狀的回交后代,以得到當(dāng)選回交后代植株;(5)重復(fù)(3)和(4)連續(xù)3次或以上,以得到當(dāng)選第4代或更高世代的具有理想性狀和表1所列的玉米自交系PH4CV的全部生理和形態(tài)性狀(以種植在相同環(huán)境條件下5%的顯著水平?jīng)Q定)的回交后代植株。
26. A plant produced by the method of claim 25, wherein the plant has the desired trait and all of the physiological and morphological characteristics of maize inbred line PH4CV listed in Table 1 as determined at the 5% significance level when grown in the same environmental conditions.
用申請保護(hù)內(nèi)容25的方法產(chǎn)生的植株,該植株具有理想性狀和表1所列的玉米自交系PH4CV的全部生理和形態(tài)性狀(以種植在相同環(huán)境條件下5%的顯著水平?jīng)Q定)。
27. The plant of claim 26 wherein the desired trait is herbicide resistance and the resistance is conferred to an herbicide selected from the group consisting of imidazolinone, sulfonylurea, glyphosate, glufosinate, L-phosphinothricin, triazine and benzonitrile.
申請保護(hù)內(nèi)容26的植株,其理想性狀是除草劑抗性,所抗的除草劑是imidazolinone, sulfonylurea, glyphosate, glufosinate, L-phosphinothricin, triazine and benzonitrile之一。
28. The plant of claim 26 wherein the desired trait is insect resistance and the insect resistance is conferred by a transgene encoding a Bacillus thuringiensis endotoxin.
申請保護(hù)內(nèi)容26的植株,其理想性狀是抗蟲性,這抗蟲性是指由編碼Bt內(nèi)毒素的轉(zhuǎn)基因產(chǎn)生的抗性。
29. The plant of claim 26 wherein the desired trait is male sterility and the trait is conferred by a cytoplasmic nucleic acid molecule that confers male sterility.
申請保護(hù)內(nèi)容26的植株,其理想性狀是雄性不育性,該性狀是由可導(dǎo)致雄性不育性的細(xì)胞質(zhì)核酸分子所產(chǎn)生。
30. A method of modifying fatty acid metabolism, phytic acid metabolism or carbohydrate in maize inbred line PH4CV comprising: (a) crossing PH4CV plants grown from PH4CV seed, representative seed of which has been deposited under ATCC Accession No. PTA-4673, with plants of another maize line that comprise a nucleic acid molecule encoding an enzyme selected from the group consisting of phytase, fructosyltransferase, levansucrase, alpha-amylase, invertase and starch branching enzyme or encoding an antisense of stearyl-ACP desaturase; (b) selecting F1 progeny plants that have said nucleic acid molecule to produce selected F1 progeny plants; (c) crossing the selected progeny plants with the PH4CV plants to produce backcross progeny plants; (d) selecting for backcross progeny plants that have said nucleic acid molecule and physiological and morphological characteristics of maize inbred line PH4CV listed in Table 1 to produce selected backcross progeny plants; and (e) repeating steps (c) and (d) three or more times in succession to produce selected fourth or higher backcross progeny plants that comprise said nucleic acid molecule and have all of the physiological and morphological characteristics of maize inbred line PH4CV listed in Table 1 as determined at the 5% significance level when grown in the same environmental conditions.
修飾玉米自交系PH4CV的脂肪酸代謝、phytic酸代謝、或碳水化合物代謝的方法,包括:(1)用由PH4CV種子(標(biāo)準(zhǔn)種子已保存在美國生物標(biāo)本收藏中心(ATCC),登記號為No. PTA-4673)長成的PH4CV植株,與其他具有編碼下述酶(phytase, fructosyltransferase, levansucrase, alpha-amylase, invertase and starch branching enzyme or encoding an antisense of stearyl-ACP desaturase)之一的核酸分子的其他玉米品系的植株雜交;(2)選擇具有理所述核酸分子的F1代植株以得到當(dāng)選F1代植株;(3)用當(dāng)選后代植株與PH4CV植株回交以得到回交后代植株;(4)選擇具有所述核酸分子和表1所列的玉米自交系PH4CV的生理和形態(tài)性狀的回交后代,以得到當(dāng)選回交后代植株;(5)重復(fù)(3)和(4)連續(xù)3次或以上,以得到當(dāng)選第4代或更高世代的具有所述核酸分子和表1所列的玉米自交系PH4CV的全部生理和形態(tài)性狀(以種植在相同環(huán)境條件下5%的顯著水平?jīng)Q定)的回交后代植株。
31. A plant, with modified fatty acid metabolism, modified phytic acid metabolism, or modified carbohydrate metabolism, produced by the method of claim 30, wherein the plant comprises the nucleic acid molecule and has all of the physiological and morphological characteristics of maize inbred line PH4CV listed in Table 1 as determined at the 5% significance level when grown in the same environmental conditions.
用申請保護(hù)內(nèi)容30的方法產(chǎn)生的、具有修飾的脂肪酸代謝、修飾的phytic酸代謝、或修飾的碳水化合物代謝的植株,該植株具有核酸分子和表1所列的玉米自交系PH4CV的全部生理和形態(tài)性狀(以種植在相同環(huán)境條件下5%的顯著水平?jīng)Q定)。
(完)
2010-9-30 3:55