來(lái)源：觀察者網(wǎng)     作者：劉禾/譯者：魏迪英

原題： 美國(guó)社會(huì)運(yùn)動(dòng)是星火燎原，而不是痛定思痛

    劉禾按：《痛定思痛：美國(guó)社會(huì)運(yùn)動(dòng)興衰的秘密》一文給人一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤的印象，好像事情已經(jīng)接近尾聲，可以總結(jié)了。這很誤導(dǎo)，因?yàn)榍闆r完全不是那樣的，星星之火正在燎原，哪里有什么結(jié)束的跡象？雖然主流媒體竭力掩蓋在我們眼皮子底下發(fā)生的事，但占領(lǐng)行動(dòng)每天都在美國(guó)各地發(fā)生。從昨天開始，那個(gè)讓警察鎮(zhèn)壓學(xué)生的UC Davis 的校長(zhǎng)正在被輿論（而不是媒體）送上審判臺(tái)，她恐怕很快被迫辭職。請(qǐng)關(guān)注這個(gè)戲劇性的發(fā)展，它完全拋開了封鎖消息的報(bào)紙和電視，像病毒般的一夜間傳遍全美國(guó)，這將讓所有打算鎮(zhèn)壓學(xué)生運(yùn)動(dòng)的美國(guó)大學(xué)校長(zhǎng)三四再行，看看下面的報(bào)道和分析就知道了。

一個(gè)歷史性的時(shí)刻，見(jiàn)以下哥倫比亞大學(xué)音樂(lè)系助理教授Aaron Fox 的報(bào)道和分析。

我現(xiàn)在寫的這些，是要揭露加州大學(xué)戴維斯分校校警的野蠻行徑，以及這次令人反感的事件。星期五，配備防暴器材的校警蓄意對(duì)一群和平、有序的抗議學(xué)生，噴射胡椒水（我想說(shuō)這是“化學(xué)武器”）。這是加州大學(xué)的新課程嗎？當(dāng)時(shí)的視頻十分可怕，但是值得堅(jiān)持看完，因?yàn)槠渲薪沂玖艘坏按髮W(xué)”以鎮(zhèn)壓本校學(xué)生和員工的執(zhí)法機(jī)構(gòu)自居（似乎我們需要學(xué)賓州大學(xué)的例子），會(huì)是多么可怕的景象。結(jié)果，至少有一名學(xué)生送醫(yī)：

http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=6AdDLhPwpp4

如果你感到惡心，請(qǐng)看我貼在下面的一張照片，這同樣可以證明事實(shí)。校警濫用權(quán)力，行動(dòng)野蠻，是顯而易見(jiàn)的。

這是戴維斯本地報(bào)紙上的報(bào)道：

http://www.davisenterprise.com/local-news/crime-fire-courts/protests-again-gathering-steam-on-campus/

這是《薩克拉門托蜜蜂報(bào)》上的相關(guān)文章：

http://www.sacbee.com/2011/11/19/4066159/10-occupy-protesters-arrested.html

目前，《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》、《今日美國(guó)》、《時(shí)代》、CBS、CNN等媒體都報(bào)道了這一事件，那些記錄加州大學(xué)戴維斯分校校警暴行的視頻，在網(wǎng)上被瀏覽了成百上千次。和“加州大學(xué)戴維斯分?！薄ⅰ昂穱娚洹毕嚓P(guān)的搜索，成為今天美國(guó)谷歌搜索的頭條。這意味著什么呢？下午三點(diǎn)左右，加州大學(xué)戴維斯分校放棄了原來(lái)的主張，校長(zhǎng)釋放出穩(wěn)控信號(hào)，承諾調(diào)查這一事件，但這已經(jīng)太晚了。

到星期一時(shí)，幾百萬(wàn)人都知道了匹克隊(duì)長(zhǎng)和他的化學(xué)作戰(zhàn)部隊(duì)，以及校長(zhǎng)的40萬(wàn)美元的年薪（包括免費(fèi)住房、旅行和交通），校長(zhǎng)下達(dá)了鎮(zhèn)壓抗議者的命令，導(dǎo)致受傷的學(xué)生送醫(yī)，校警還強(qiáng)迫學(xué)生張嘴，然后向他們噴射胡椒水。我一點(diǎn)都不騙你。

今天晚上戴維斯分校發(fā)生事值得關(guān)注，自從下午以來(lái)，我一直在關(guān)注視頻網(wǎng)站livestream和博客，這是非常重要的時(shí)刻?？ň熛ＰｉL(zhǎng)召開了一個(gè)新聞發(fā)布會(huì)，希望控制事態(tài)發(fā)展和擴(kuò)散效應(yīng)。

加州大學(xué)戴維斯分校的學(xué)生，大批趕到發(fā)布會(huì)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，但由于沒(méi)有媒體證件，被擋在發(fā)布會(huì)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)之外。學(xué)生們包圍了發(fā)布會(huì)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，并在幾個(gè)小時(shí)內(nèi)聚集起1000多人。據(jù)說(shuō)，卡緹希校長(zhǎng)擔(dān)心抗議學(xué)生的阻攔，以至于無(wú)法離開現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，似乎她成了被劫持的人質(zhì)。但是校方并沒(méi)有調(diào)來(lái)警察，至少?zèng)]有在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)出現(xiàn)?？磥?lái)，加州大學(xué)戴維斯分校還是吸取了一些教訓(xùn)。

學(xué)生們空出了一條寬闊的通道，聲稱卡緹希校長(zhǎng)走過(guò)時(shí)，他們會(huì)保持安靜、尊重，他們只想呼吁她辭職，而不是要在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)劫持她。盡管在幾個(gè)小時(shí)的等待中，聚集的學(xué)生越來(lái)越多，現(xiàn)場(chǎng)氣氛越來(lái)越緊張，但學(xué)生們一直表現(xiàn)出可敬的紀(jì)律和組織性。后來(lái)，學(xué)生們與卡緹希校長(zhǎng)的支持者達(dá)成協(xié)議，于是校長(zhǎng)離開發(fā)布會(huì)，帶著一位助手乘上她那部?jī)r(jià)值7萬(wàn)美元的雷克薩斯SUV，這筆錢可是納稅人掏的。學(xué)生們保持了“絕對(duì)的紀(jì)律和完全的安靜”，站在一邊，只是回答了一些記者的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)采訪。這既令人驚訝，又令人振奮。當(dāng)然，“胡椒水”校長(zhǎng)在周圍幾千雙眼睛的注視下，一定會(huì)感到羞愧。由于加州乃至全國(guó)學(xué)生的訪問(wèn)，視頻網(wǎng)站livestream出現(xiàn)過(guò)載。

這是一個(gè)勝利的時(shí)刻，在發(fā)布以前就有幾百個(gè)訪問(wèn)。

http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=CZ0t9ez_EGI

只是在卡緹希校長(zhǎng)驅(qū)車離開時(shí)，聚集的學(xué)生高喊口號(hào)：“大學(xué)屬于誰(shuí)？大學(xué)屬于我們！”中間有一些時(shí)候，學(xué)生離開去吃匹薩餅，這是全國(guó)各地的人們?yōu)樗麄冇喌摹?/p>

這次運(yùn)動(dòng)異常強(qiáng)大。要記得當(dāng)今是一個(gè)事實(shí)上沒(méi)有新聞的時(shí)代，主流媒體上不揭露任何問(wèn)題，除了黛米·摩爾和阿什頓·庫(kù)徹的離婚事件，或者娜塔利·伍德的死因調(diào)查。但是，這次運(yùn)動(dòng)的影響在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上體現(xiàn)出來(lái)，并吸引了全國(guó)的注意，以至于加州大學(xué)戴維斯分校被迫采取穩(wěn)控措施。

接下來(lái)事態(tài)會(huì)有更多發(fā)展，現(xiàn)在卡緹希校長(zhǎng)除了辭職之外，已經(jīng)別無(wú)他路。戴維斯分校的教授協(xié)會(huì)投票通過(guò)決議，譴責(zé)卡緹希校長(zhǎng)的行為，呼吁她辭職。

http://ucdfa.org/2011/11/19/dfa-board-calls-for-katehis-resignation/

加州大學(xué)教授協(xié)會(huì)的委員會(huì)也發(fā)表了譴責(zé)聲明，要求大學(xué)管理者對(duì)此負(fù)責(zé)。

http://cucfa.org/news/2011_nov19.php

加州大學(xué)教授協(xié)會(huì)的完整聲明如下：

本周，我們目睹了和平的抗議者遭受到極其暴力的襲擊。在加州大學(xué)伯克利分校、加州州立大學(xué)長(zhǎng)灘分校、加州大學(xué)戴維斯分校，警察暴力鎮(zhèn)壓參加抗議的教師和學(xué)生，包括向抗議者眼部和口部噴射胡椒水，用警棍毆打、推搡，銬上手銬拉走，等等。很多受傷的抗議者因此送醫(yī)。這些暴力襲擊是主動(dòng)，全面和肆無(wú)忌憚的。

這種針對(duì)和平抗議者的暴力行徑是肆無(wú)忌憚、毫無(wú)理由的，我們感到極其憤怒。

對(duì)加州大學(xué)的管理者濫用警察暴力，鎮(zhèn)壓異議人士、言論自由和和平集會(huì)，我們感到極其憤怒。

我們要求加州大學(xué)校方停止使用警察暴力，停止鎮(zhèn)壓和平的政治抗議；我們要求校方對(duì)暴力行為的后果負(fù)責(zé)。我們相信，繼續(xù)濫用暴力甚至升級(jí)，只會(huì)引發(fā)更大的憤怒。

警察的野蠻暴力，破壞了加州大學(xué)的公共形象。更關(guān)鍵的是，破壞了大學(xué)自由表達(dá)的氛圍。濫用暴力正威脅著加州大學(xué)言論自由的遺產(chǎn)，我們對(duì)此表示譴責(zé)。

我們呼吁校方注意引發(fā)抗議的真實(shí)原因，抗議者的不滿主要是針對(duì)教育私有化。由于大規(guī)模削減州的財(cái)政撥款，以及提高學(xué)費(fèi)，后者涉及社區(qū)學(xué)院系統(tǒng)、基礎(chǔ)教育系統(tǒng)和加州大學(xué)，公共教育正遭受沉重打擊。相對(duì)于銀行利潤(rùn)的膨脹，學(xué)生貸款卻上升到前所未有的水平。加州大學(xué)董事會(huì)唯一、持續(xù)的工作，就是擴(kuò)大私有化和提高學(xué)費(fèi)，我們對(duì)此表示譴責(zé)。

簽署人：

加州大學(xué)教授協(xié)會(huì)委員會(huì)

艾倫·福克斯

哥倫比亞大學(xué)音樂(lè)系助理教授

[email protected]

212-854-7185

（劉禾系哥倫比亞大學(xué)教授，她的按語(yǔ)經(jīng)編輯刪改，觀察者網(wǎng)翻譯）。

I"m writing to make you aware of the disgusting incident of campus police brutality at UC Davis, where the campus cops (in riot gear) on Friday deliberately and severely pepper-sprayed (I prefer "used chemical weapons against") a peaceful, seated group of student demonstrators protesting, primarily, yet another tuition increase at UC? The video is hideous, but worth steeling yourself to watch just to see what "the university" can become when it identifies with or as a law enforcement institution over and against its own students and employees. (As if we needed another example after Penn State.) At least one of these students was hospitalized.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=6AdDLhPwpp4

If you"re squeamish, a photo I attach below will make the same point. This was outrageous excessive use of force by a campus police force.

Here"s the story in the Davis paper:

http://www.davisenterprise.com/local-news/crime-fire-courts/protests-again-gathering-steam-on-campus/

You can read more about it in the Sacramento Bee article here:

http://www.sacbee.com/2011/11/19/4066159/10-occupy-protesters-arrested.html

It has now been covered in the NY Times, USA Today, Time Magazine, CBS, CNN, and across the entire mediasphere. The various UC Davis police assault videos have been watched hundreds of thousands of times. Various searches related to UC Davis and pepper spraying were the *top searches on Google* in the US today -- think of what that means. By mid-afternoon, UC Davis had already backed down and the Chancellor had released a damage-controlling and mealy-mouthed promise to investigate. But it was too late.

By monday, millions will know about Lt. Pike and his chemical assault squad, and the $400K per year (plus free housing, travel, and vehicle) Chancellor who gave the order to cut the protesters down to the point that some were hospitalized, and including forcing open students" mouths and spraying directly into them. I kid you not.

And something remarkable happened at Davis tonight. I"ve been watching the live streams and following the blogs since late this afternoon. It was a very important moment.

Chancellor Katehi was preparing to give a news conference to take another crack at spinning this story and controlling the growing, viral character it has acquired.

UC Davis students showed up in large numbers to this conference, and were kept out of the small building (Surge 2, for those who know the campus) for lack of press passes (ha ha). They surrounded the building and their numbers grew over several hours to over 1000 student protesters. Reports came that Chancellor Katehi was afraid to leave and go through the student protesters, or even that she was being kept from leaving, as if it were a hostage situation. Cops were *not* summoned, however -- or at least they were kept back. UC Davis appears to have learned at least a tactical lesson already.

Through patient OWS style organizing, worked out over dozens of mic checks, they arranged to clear a wide path, determined that they would be silent and respectful when she came out, and sent word that they were not keeping her hostage in the building, just there to call for her resignation. Hours went by as the situation got more and more tense, but the students showed remarkable discipline and organization as their numbers kept growing. Finally, they negotiated with Chancellor Katehi"s people and she left the building to walk to her taxpayer-paid $70,000 Lexus SUV with one aide. The students maintained *absolute, total order and silence* -- really, not a word -- and stood aside, except for the couple of journalists asking her questions on the livestream feed. It was eerie and powerful and Chancellor Pepper Spray was clearly feeling the shame of a thousands of eyes on her around the nation (the livestreams were overloaded as they were joined by students across California and then the nation).

Here is the moment of triumph, posted moments ago and already with several hundred views:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=CZ0t9ez_EGI

Only once she began to pull away did the crowd erupt into a roar: WHOSE UNIVERSITY? OUR UNIVERSITY! dozens of times as they marched off to consume the pizza ordered for them by people around the nation.

It was so powerful -- and remember this all happened on a day when virtually no news (except Demi and Ashton"s divorce or the 30 year old Natalie Wood death investigation) gets reported on mainstream outlets. This *all* happened online, and drew a huge national audience in the process, enough so to force a major university into damage control freakout.

You will see much more about this in the coming days. Chancellor Katehi really has no choice but to resign at this point. The Davis faculty association has voted to ask her to resign and condemn her conduct:

http://ucdfa.org/2011/11/19/dfa-board-calls-for-katehis-resignation/

And the council of ALL UC faculty associations has condemned the violence, and holds administrators accountable for it:

http://cucfa.org/news/2011_nov19.php

Full UC-wide faculty association statement below.

_________________

"This week, we have seen excessive force used against non-violent protesters at UC Berkeley, UCLA, CSU Long Beach, and UC Davis. Student, faculty and staff protesters have been pepper-sprayed directly in the eyes and mouth, beaten and shoved by batons, dragged by the arms while handcuffed, and submitted to other forms of excessive force. Protesters have been hospitalized because of injuries inflicted during these incidents. The violence was unprovoked, disproportional and excessive.

We are outraged by the excessive and unnecessary force used against peaceful protests.

We are outraged that the administrations of UC campuses are using police brutality to suppress dissent, free speech and peaceful assembly.

We demand that the Chancellors of the University of California cease using police violence to repress non-violent political protests. We hold them responsible for the violence and believe it can only result in an escalation of outrage that holds the potential for even more violence.

Police brutality damages the University"s public image, and, more importantly, it damages the climate for free expression at UC. We condemn the assault on the legacy of free speech at the University of California.

We call for greater attention to the substantive issues that motivate the protests regarding the privatization of education. With massive cuts in state funding and rising tuition costs across the community college system, the Cal State network, K-12, and the University of California, public education is undergoing a severe divestment. Student debt has reached unprecedented levels as bank profits swell. We decry the growing privatization and tuition increases that have been the frequent -- and only -- responses of the UC Board of Regents.

Signed,

The board of the Council of UC Faculty Associations"

_______________

Aaron Fox

Associate Professor of Music

Columbia University

[email protected]

212-854-7185