中國(guó)青年報(bào) 2008年04月16日

威廉·恩道爾，一名從事國(guó)際政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、世界新秩序研究超過(guò)30年、現(xiàn)居住在德國(guó)的美國(guó)著名學(xué)者，4月15日在北京明確表示，“今年3月在西藏發(fā)生的騷亂事件是華盛頓最近一次策劃的‘顏色革命’”，之所以在這個(gè)時(shí)候發(fā)生，和“美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)正陷入嚴(yán)重危機(jī)”以及“美國(guó)希望借奧運(yùn)之機(jī)給中國(guó)難堪”不無(wú)關(guān)系。

獲得美國(guó)普林斯頓大學(xué)政治學(xué)學(xué)士和瑞典斯德哥爾摩大學(xué)比較經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)碩士學(xué)位的恩道爾先生，曾經(jīng)作為獨(dú)立經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家和新聞?wù){(diào)查記者，先后在美國(guó)紐約和歐洲工作。他的著作《石油戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)》被譯成多種文字。此外，他的研究范圍很廣，除能源和地緣政治外，還包括世界農(nóng)業(yè)問(wèn)題、世貿(mào)組織、世界貨幣基金組織、第三世界債務(wù)、對(duì)沖基金、金融危機(jī)等等。

15日，他在出席“能源、可再生能源與新能源國(guó)際合作戰(zhàn)略研討會(huì)”時(shí)表示，近日在西藏發(fā)生的事件，是由美國(guó)在背后操控的。他首先表示，2007年在緬甸發(fā)生的由僧侶發(fā)起的“顏色革命”實(shí)際上也是由美國(guó)精心策劃和操縱的。美國(guó)之所以這樣做，是因?yàn)榫挼槭侵袊?guó)重要的戰(zhàn)略合作伙伴。

他認(rèn)為，華盛頓最近一次策劃的“顏色革命”就是今年3月在西藏發(fā)生的騷亂事件?！拔艺J(rèn)為，這和曾經(jīng)發(fā)生在烏克蘭、緬甸的‘顏色革命’的模式都是一致的?！彼硎?，“上世紀(jì)50年代以來(lái)，達(dá)賴(lài)?yán)锝邮芰嗣绹?guó)的很多援助，有明確記錄的是，他在冷戰(zhàn)期間接受了美國(guó)中央情報(bào)局的財(cái)政資助。今天，他的組織依然在接受來(lái)自美國(guó)政府的重要資助，包括來(lái)自NED（美國(guó)國(guó)家民主基金會(huì)）的援助。而NED是美國(guó)國(guó)會(huì)底下的一個(gè)非政府組織，成立于1986年，由美國(guó)中情局操縱。該基金會(huì)也資助了達(dá)賴(lài)在印度和世界其他地方的很多出版物。此外，達(dá)賴(lài)最重要的一個(gè)獨(dú)立組織ICT（國(guó)際西藏運(yùn)動(dòng)），1988年成立于華盛頓，也從美國(guó)國(guó)家民主基金那里獲得資金?！?BR>
“為什么美國(guó)要對(duì)中國(guó)這一最大的貿(mào)易伙伴采取這種冒險(xiǎn)行為？”恩道爾先生自問(wèn)自答地說(shuō)，“我的理解是，西藏蘊(yùn)含著十分豐富的礦產(chǎn)資源和能源，有大量的鈾、鋰；且是亞洲七大河流的發(fā)源地，蘊(yùn)含豐沛的水資源。因此，控制了西藏，就能控制中國(guó)的崛起?！?BR>
為什么是在這個(gè)時(shí)候發(fā)生這樣的事件？恩道爾認(rèn)為有兩個(gè)原因。

第一，美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)正陷入比世界所被告知的情況更為嚴(yán)重的危機(jī)之中。他認(rèn)為，美國(guó)自1945年建立起來(lái)的金融優(yōu)勢(shì)已經(jīng)結(jié)束?！耙粋€(gè)我認(rèn)識(shí)25年的歐洲銀行家告訴我，現(xiàn)在，歐洲和亞洲已經(jīng)開(kāi)始合作，他們不再對(duì)美國(guó)的銀行和金融體制抱有信心，轉(zhuǎn)而去迪拜、去歐洲，而不是去美國(guó)進(jìn)行金融活動(dòng)。而且我認(rèn)為，美國(guó)過(guò)去七八個(gè)月所經(jīng)歷的經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)，只是個(gè)開(kāi)始，更大的危機(jī)還在后面?！彼硎尽?BR>
第二，由于奧運(yùn)會(huì)將于今夏在北京舉辦，因此美國(guó)想給中國(guó)一個(gè)難堪，希望孤立中國(guó)，使中國(guó)難以同其他國(guó)家合作。他表示：“我認(rèn)為，這是華盛頓一個(gè)冒險(xiǎn)系數(shù)相當(dāng)高的戰(zhàn)略，因?yàn)槿A盛頓在經(jīng)濟(jì)合作上非常倚重中國(guó)，美國(guó)的很多經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)節(jié)都已經(jīng)外包給中國(guó)了。因此，去攻擊一個(gè)如此重要的貿(mào)易伙伴，并不是明智之舉。美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)和美國(guó)政府需要來(lái)自外部的資金流入以緩解債務(wù)危機(jī)，而中國(guó)有世界最大的外匯儲(chǔ)備，達(dá)1．7萬(wàn)億美元。所以我認(rèn)為，美國(guó)政府現(xiàn)在在對(duì)華政策上并不清楚自己應(yīng)有的方向?！?/DIV>

美學(xué)者：美國(guó)政府及NED暗中策動(dòng)西藏顏色革命

【明報(bào)專(zhuān)訊】美國(guó)在北京奧運(yùn)前夕煽動(dòng)西藏騷亂，顯然決心跟北京玩一場(chǎng)極端危險(xiǎn)的地緣政治游戲，顯示布殊政府近月的破壞中國(guó)穩(wěn)定策略升級(jí)。布殊去年10月首次公開(kāi)見(jiàn)達(dá)賴(lài)?yán)?，為今次西藏行?dòng)開(kāi)了綠燈。這場(chǎng)顏色運(yùn)動(dòng)的幕後策劃人耳熟能詳，包括全國(guó)民主基金會(huì)(NED)、中情局門(mén)面機(jī)構(gòu)「自由之家」(Freedom House)(自由之家的主席包柏漪是國(guó)際聲援西藏運(yùn)動(dòng)成員)，還有索羅斯出錢(qián)的利眾基金會(huì)。

美長(zhǎng)期資助達(dá)賴(lài)藏獨(dú)運(yùn)動(dòng)

達(dá)賴(lài)在西方的政治宣傳中「近乎神明」，但這并非實(shí)情，例如達(dá)賴(lài)1999年曾聯(lián)同戴卓爾夫人及老布殊，要求英國(guó)政府釋放前智利獨(dú)裁者皮諾切特。無(wú)可爭(zhēng)議的是，達(dá)賴(lài)自59年出逃後，便獲美國(guó)等西方國(guó)家的情報(bào)機(jī)構(gòu)及所謂「非政府組織」包圍資助。伯倫蒂(Michael Parenti)在《Friendly Feudalism: The Tibet Myth》指出，中情局在50和60年代，積極為藏人提供武器、軍事訓(xùn)練及資金。中情局的門(mén)面機(jī)構(gòu)「美國(guó)自由亞洲協(xié)會(huì)」則為西藏抵抗運(yùn)動(dòng)做宣傳。達(dá)賴(lài)的二哥嘉樂(lè)頓珠便在中情局支持下，在1951年建立了一支情報(bào)行動(dòng)組，稍後更被中情局訓(xùn)練成游擊隊(duì)，空投到西藏執(zhí)行任務(wù)。據(jù)美國(guó)90年代末解密的情報(bào)文件，中情局60年代每年給西藏流亡政府提供170萬(wàn)美元，其中18萬(wàn)是給達(dá)賴(lài)的津貼。

「民間機(jī)構(gòu)」NED最善顛覆

達(dá)賴(lài)現(xiàn)在仍收到百萬(wàn)美元計(jì)資金，但付錢(qián)的再非中情局，而是美國(guó)國(guó)會(huì)資助的NED。NED包辦了格魯吉亞和烏克蘭等國(guó)的「顏色革命」，為美國(guó)屬意的反對(duì)派政客做勢(shì)。就像過(guò)往的顏色革命一樣，華府正是通過(guò)NED來(lái)資助西藏及海外示威，令中國(guó)不穩(wěn)。80年代初因中情局的顛覆外國(guó)政府行動(dòng)被揭發(fā)，中情局長(zhǎng)凱西便建議成立NED。NED看似獨(dú)立非政府組織，但只不過(guò)是中情局秘密行動(dòng)的延續(xù)。NED首任主席魏因斯泰坦(Allen Weinstein) 91年便曾明言：「很多我們做的事，都是中情局25年前秘密從事?！?

1988年在華府成立的國(guó)際聲援西藏運(yùn)動(dòng)(ICT)是最注目的藏獨(dú)組織。ICT至少自1994年起便接受NED資助。至於另一活躍的美國(guó)反北京組織「自由西藏學(xué)生運(yùn)動(dòng)」(SFT)，是94年由美國(guó)西藏委員會(huì)及ICT共同成立的。SFT正是今年1月號(hào)召展開(kāi)「西藏人民起義」的5個(gè)組織之一。達(dá)賴(lài)流亡政府的《西藏時(shí)報(bào)》、西藏多媒體中心及西藏人權(quán)民主中心都接受NED資金。

西藏資源水源成地緣政治籌碼

在3月藏獨(dú)騷亂中，處處可見(jiàn)美國(guó)情報(bào)機(jī)關(guān)身影。但是為何呢？為何是現(xiàn)在？西藏的戰(zhàn)略?xún)r(jià)值，不僅因?yàn)猷徑《?美國(guó)盼印度成為抗衡中國(guó)的盟友)。西藏的鈾及硼砂存量是全球最多的，鋰則占全球藏量一半。西藏亦為中國(guó)提供豐富的木材，還可能蘊(yùn)藏大量石油。西藏是亞洲7條主要河流的源頭，供水予20億人。誰(shuí)控制西藏水源，誰(shuí)就可擁有亞洲最強(qiáng)大的地緣政治籌碼。

但西藏今天的主要價(jià)值，還因它可被華府用來(lái)威嚇及顛覆北京。NED跟「愛(ài)因斯坦研究所」(Albert Einstein Institution)，曾鼓動(dòng)1989年天安門(mén)示威。與愛(ài)因斯坦研究所合作的Robert Helvey上校，曾是美國(guó)防情報(bào)局駐緬甸人員，曾秘密訓(xùn)練八九北京學(xué)運(yùn)領(lǐng)袖有關(guān)大型示威的技巧。愛(ài)因斯坦研究所曾形容自己專(zhuān)長(zhǎng)於「以非暴力作為一種戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)形式」，又在04年的報(bào)告中，承認(rèn)有給藏人提供協(xié)助。

隨□互聯(lián)網(wǎng)和手機(jī)出現(xiàn)，華府策略是運(yùn)用并改良這些「非暴力革命」手段， 而NED則負(fù)責(zé)一系列「民主計(jì)劃」(或軟性政變)，推展切斷中國(guó)通往國(guó)外油氣來(lái)源的大策略，除了動(dòng)搖西藏，還包動(dòng)搖緬甸的「番紅花革命」；持續(xù)爭(zhēng)取派北約部隊(duì)到蘇丹達(dá)爾富爾以阻止中國(guó)取得當(dāng)?shù)匾灾练侵薜氖?；企圖在中亞烏茲別克、吉爾吉斯制造問(wèn)題，破壞北京接通中亞的輸油管計(jì)劃。

內(nèi)陸歐亞博弈升級(jí) 美國(guó)玩火

現(xiàn)是奧巴馬智囊的布熱津斯基(Zbigniew Brzezinski)，早在1997年便撰文，指出哪國(guó)能主宰內(nèi)陸歐亞(Eurasia，包括中亞以至西藏一帶)，「幾乎就自然能控制中東和非洲。內(nèi)陸歐亞已成博奕場(chǎng)，哪□的權(quán)力分配格局，將對(duì)美國(guó)全球獨(dú)尊地位具有決定性影響」。簡(jiǎn)言之，這是關(guān)乎美國(guó)全球霸權(quán)而非民主。但美國(guó)動(dòng)搖西藏的策略轉(zhuǎn)變，無(wú)疑是玩火，尤其當(dāng)美國(guó)正陷經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)。中國(guó)只要沽出手頭一小部分美國(guó)國(guó)債，已足令美元崩潰。

作者William Engdahl是現(xiàn)居德國(guó)的美國(guó)著名國(guó)際政治學(xué)者，其著作《石油戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)》被譯成多種文字。

冒險(xiǎn)的地緣政治游戲：華盛頓在和北京玩“西藏輪盤(pán)賭”

注：本文由鼎盛軍事論壇大漠孤煙翻譯

作者：William Engdahl
全球研究， 4月10日 2008

通過(guò)在這樣一個(gè)對(duì)于雙方關(guān)系都很敏感和奧運(yùn)會(huì)即將開(kāi)幕的時(shí)候煽動(dòng)西藏的暴力活動(dòng)，看得出華盛頓已經(jīng)下定決心要和和北京玩一次高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的地緣政治游戲。這是布什政府在過(guò)去幾年中擾亂中國(guó)國(guó)家穩(wěn)定活動(dòng)的一次升級(jí)。 這些活動(dòng)還包括在緬甸發(fā)動(dòng)旨在反對(duì)中國(guó)影響的“橙色革命”，將北約軍隊(duì)部署到已經(jīng)被中國(guó)石油公司發(fā)現(xiàn)可觀石油儲(chǔ)量的達(dá)富爾地區(qū)，在礦產(chǎn)豐富的非洲地區(qū)采取一系列反中步驟，還有熱心的將印度轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榇未箨懮戏磳?duì)中國(guó)的前進(jìn)基地 （不過(guò)很多證據(jù)表明印度政府在小心的避免破壞中印關(guān)系）

去年10月，布什第一次在華盛頓以官方身份會(huì)見(jiàn)了達(dá)賴(lài)。這次會(huì)見(jiàn)為目前美國(guó)在西藏的行動(dòng)打開(kāi)了綠燈。 總統(tǒng)閣下應(yīng)當(dāng)了解這次會(huì)見(jiàn)對(duì)北京的侮辱程度以及可能的代價(jià)。布什出席美國(guó)國(guó)會(huì)給達(dá)賴(lài)頒發(fā)“國(guó)會(huì)金質(zhì)獎(jiǎng)?wù)隆眱x式的行為，進(jìn)一步的刺激了中國(guó)這樣一個(gè)美國(guó)最大的貿(mào)易伙伴。

最近，布什，賴(lài)斯，薩科齊，還有梅克爾采取了一些無(wú)關(guān)痛癢的舉動(dòng)來(lái)表示他們對(duì)喇嘛們的支持。梅克爾聲明她將抵制8月在北京舉辦的奧運(yùn)會(huì)，為的是抗議北京對(duì)喇嘛們采取的措施。不過(guò)她的新聞發(fā)言人并沒(méi)提到梅克爾從一開(kāi)始就沒(méi)打算要出席。

在梅克爾之后，波蘭和捷克的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人也發(fā)表了同樣的聲明。不過(guò)還不清楚他們是否也是從來(lái)就沒(méi)打算出席奧運(yùn)會(huì)，發(fā)表聲明完全是為了上新聞?lì)^條。

最近在西藏的暴力示威和有確鑿證據(jù)的針對(duì)漢族居民的攻擊開(kāi)始于3月10號(hào)。數(shù)百喇嘛在拉薩游行，要求釋放他們的一些同伴，并聲稱(chēng)那些喇嘛是因慶祝達(dá)賴(lài)獲得美國(guó)國(guó)會(huì)金質(zhì)獎(jiǎng)?wù)露痪辛?。另外一些抗議北京統(tǒng)治的喇嘛也加入了這數(shù)百人。

中國(guó)政府明確指出，這次反對(duì)中國(guó)的突發(fā)暴力活動(dòng)是以達(dá)賴(lài)為首的那個(gè)“運(yùn)動(dòng)”的一次新嘗試，而且故意放在奧運(yùn)會(huì)前夕來(lái)炒作北京的“人權(quán)”記錄。在中國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)，人們認(rèn)為北京奧運(yùn)標(biāo)志著一個(gè)欣欣向榮的中國(guó)登上世界舞臺(tái)。

這次“喇嘛革命”幕后的演員表明華盛頓幾個(gè)月以來(lái)正積極的策動(dòng)另外一次其臭名昭著的“顏色革命”。通過(guò)公開(kāi)的抗議活動(dòng)來(lái)盡量使北京尷尬。這些臺(tái)前幕后的黑手都是此間老手。他們和美國(guó)國(guó)務(wù)院過(guò)從甚密。包括國(guó)家民主基金會(huì)，中情局的freedom house。還有由索羅斯支持的Trace基金會(huì)。

中國(guó)總理溫家寶指出是達(dá)賴(lài)操縱了以上的暴亂，從而破壞奧運(yùn)“以達(dá)到他們不可告人的目的，藏獨(dú)”。

布什在電話中要求胡錦濤與流亡的達(dá)賴(lài)對(duì)話。白宮證實(shí)布什“提到他對(duì)西藏近況的關(guān)心并鼓勵(lì)中國(guó)政府與達(dá)賴(lài)的代表展開(kāi)實(shí)質(zhì)性對(duì)話，包括允許新聞?dòng)浾吆屯饨蝗藛T的參與”。

據(jù)外交部發(fā)言人秦剛稱(chēng)，胡主席告訴布什：在決定于達(dá)賴(lài)開(kāi)展對(duì)話之前，達(dá)賴(lài)必須“停止破壞”奧運(yùn)會(huì)。

達(dá)賴(lài)的奇怪朋友。

在西方人的眼中，達(dá)賴(lài)的形象受到如此的推崇，以至于很多人真把他當(dāng)神一樣。雖然達(dá)賴(lài)的精神生活不是此文的討論重點(diǎn)，還是有必要提一下他一直以來(lái)的生活圈子。

達(dá)賴(lài)的圈子，外人看來(lái)是非常保守的?，F(xiàn)在大家都不太記得的事實(shí)是，在30年代，包括蓋世太保頭子希姆萊在內(nèi)的納粹黨領(lǐng)袖們把西藏看作是“失落的大西洲文明”幸存者的圣地和“純?nèi)斩褡濉钡陌l(fā)源地。

達(dá)賴(lài)在11歲被確立為達(dá)賴(lài)?yán)?，?dāng)時(shí)他與亨利希。哈爾這樣一個(gè)納粹黨徒和黨衛(wèi)隊(duì)軍官交上了朋友。與好萊塢電影中由布拉德。皮特展現(xiàn)的形象截然不同的是，哈爾是一個(gè)精英黨衛(wèi)隊(duì)成員并成為11歲的達(dá)賴(lài)了解“西藏以外世界”的老師。我們無(wú)從了解他們當(dāng)時(shí)的課程內(nèi)容，不過(guò)達(dá)賴(lài)與哈爾一直保持著朋友關(guān)系直到哈爾以93歲高齡去世。

自然，單憑與什么人交往，我們不能評(píng)論一個(gè)人的性格，但是他后來(lái)交的朋友就頗有意思了。1999年4月，與撒切爾夫人以及前中情局長(zhǎng)老布什一道，達(dá)賴(lài)要求英國(guó)政府釋放正在英國(guó)的前智利法西斯獨(dú)裁者皮諾切特 （皮諾切特也是中情局的老顧客之一）。達(dá)賴(lài)要求不要把皮諾切特引渡到西班牙，因?yàn)槲靼嘌廊苏郎?zhǔn)備以反人道罪審判此公。達(dá)賴(lài)同時(shí)還與Miguel Serreno過(guò)從甚密。Serreno是智利國(guó)家社會(huì)黨的頭子，并且是一個(gè)熱心的“正統(tǒng)希特勒主義”分子。

拋開(kāi)所謂的“神圣”名號(hào)，無(wú)可爭(zhēng)辯的事實(shí)是，從他1959年流亡到印度開(kāi)始，達(dá)賴(lài)就被美國(guó)和西方的情報(bào)機(jī)構(gòu)或者打著非政府組織牌子的情報(bào)機(jī)構(gòu)所包圍和資助。我們關(guān)心的是作為華盛頓之友的達(dá)賴(lài)的政治訴求。

國(guó)家民主基金會(huì)在行動(dòng)。

如作家Michael Parenti在其《友善的封建主義：西藏之謎》一書(shū)中提到的，“在50和60年代，中情局積極的為一些藏人提供武器，軍事訓(xùn)練支持，資金，空中支持和其他五花八門(mén)的幫助。” 中情局的一個(gè)外圍機(jī)構(gòu)，美國(guó)自由亞洲協(xié)會(huì)為藏人抵抗四處張目，達(dá)賴(lài)的大哥就在期間積極活動(dòng)。達(dá)賴(lài)的二哥在中情局的支持下與1951年建立了自己的哦情報(bào)機(jī)構(gòu)。這個(gè)機(jī)構(gòu)后來(lái)發(fā)展成為中情局的一支游擊隊(duì)。據(jù)Parenti的記述，游擊隊(duì)成員會(huì)被空投回西藏。

根據(jù)90年代解密的美國(guó)情報(bào)文件，“在60年代的大多年份里，中情局每年提供1百7十萬(wàn)美元給藏人流亡政府，作為其反中國(guó)行動(dòng)的資金支持，其中的十八萬(wàn)美元直接給達(dá)賴(lài)?！?

在中情局的幫助下，達(dá)賴(lài)逃到達(dá)蘭薩拉并居住至今。達(dá)賴(lài)?yán)^續(xù)收到數(shù)百萬(wàn)美元的資金支持，這回不是從中情局那里，而是從不太惹人注意的國(guó)家民主基金會(huì)——一個(gè)美國(guó)國(guó)會(huì)資助的中情局外圍組織。此基金會(huì)一手操辦了每一次由美國(guó)支持的“顏色革命”，從塞爾維亞到格魯吉亞到烏克蘭到緬甸。基金會(huì)的資金用來(lái)支持反對(duì)派媒體和全球公關(guān)活動(dòng)，使其中意的反對(duì)派候選人更受歡迎。

如前所述，在西藏的這次“顏色革命”中，又是國(guó)家民主基金會(huì)在煽風(fēng)點(diǎn)火。

80年代早期，國(guó)家民主基金會(huì)是在里根政府的中情局主任Bill Casey的建議下成立。之前中情局組織了多起盡人皆知的針對(duì)不友好政權(quán)的暗殺和顛覆行動(dòng)?；饡?huì)旨在以一個(gè)非政府機(jī)構(gòu)的面貌出現(xiàn)，使其聽(tīng)起來(lái)不那么讓人起疑?；饡?huì)的第一任總裁Allen Weinstein在接受華盛頓郵報(bào)采訪時(shí)提到：“我們做的很多事都是25年前中情局秘密從事的?！?

美國(guó)情報(bào)歷史學(xué)家William Blum寫(xiě)道：“基金會(huì)在伊朗門(mén)事件中扮演了重要角色，在資金上支持了North中校的影子“專(zhuān)項(xiàng)民主”。基金會(huì)將美國(guó)外交政策私有化，包括發(fā)動(dòng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，走私武器毒品，還有很多同樣“民主”的活動(dòng)。1987年，一位白宮發(fā)言人聲稱(chēng)基金會(huì)人員從事“專(zhuān)項(xiàng)民主”。

如今最引人注意的支持達(dá)賴(lài)和藏獨(dú)組織是成立于1988年的國(guó)際西藏運(yùn)動(dòng)。最早從1994年，國(guó)家民主基金開(kāi)始提供資金給國(guó)際西藏運(yùn)動(dòng)。國(guó)際西藏運(yùn)動(dòng)將其2005年度的“真理之光”獎(jiǎng)?lì)C發(fā)給了國(guó)家民主基金會(huì)發(fā)起人Carl Gershman。其他年度的得獎(jiǎng)人還包括德國(guó)Friedrich Naumann基金會(huì)和捷克領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人Vaclav Havel。 國(guó)際西藏運(yùn)動(dòng)的董事會(huì)里充斥了前美國(guó)國(guó)務(wù)院高官，如Gare Smith 和 Julia Taft.

另外一個(gè)很活躍的反北京組織是以美國(guó)為基地的自由西藏學(xué)生。與1994年由美國(guó)西藏委員會(huì)和國(guó)際西藏運(yùn)動(dòng)共同成立。自由西藏學(xué)生干過(guò)的最有名的就是在長(zhǎng)城上掛了一幅長(zhǎng)達(dá)450英尺的標(biāo)語(yǔ)。標(biāo)語(yǔ)要求西藏獨(dú)立，并且無(wú)中生有的指責(zé)“種族滅絕”。不過(guò)很明顯此舉讓在場(chǎng)的39 個(gè)藏族學(xué)生頗為興高采烈。

自由西藏學(xué)生是于今年一月號(hào)召開(kāi)展“西藏人民起義”的五個(gè)組織之一。他們還共同成立了一個(gè)臨時(shí)辦公室用以協(xié)調(diào)和提供資金支持。

吳弘達(dá)是另一個(gè)達(dá)賴(lài)反對(duì)北京的支持者。此公因在1996年接受《花花公子》訪問(wèn)時(shí)顛倒黑白而臭名昭著 （就是所謂的死刑犯人體器官的事件）。吳在從伯克利退休后成為勞改研究基金會(huì)的頭子。此基金會(huì)是一個(gè)無(wú)須繳稅的主要由國(guó)家民主基金支持的組織。

另外，國(guó)家民主基金還支持著達(dá)蘭薩拉的“西藏時(shí)報(bào)”，提供資金給西藏多媒體中心用以“傳播和評(píng)論西藏的人權(quán)和民主斗爭(zhēng)”，還有西藏人權(quán)民主中心。

簡(jiǎn)而言之，美國(guó)國(guó)務(wù)院和美國(guó)情報(bào)界的身影出現(xiàn)在所謂的西藏獨(dú)立起義和針對(duì)漢族居民的攻擊行為的方方面面。問(wèn)題是，這都是為了什么？

西藏的自然資源。

（這一節(jié)我就不多譯了，主要是說(shuō)西藏有各類(lèi)金屬，石油，水資源，而且北臨新疆這個(gè)中國(guó)另一個(gè)資源集中地。不過(guò)在最后一段，文中指出：）

但是對(duì)于華盛頓而言，西藏的主要價(jià)值在其顛覆和勒索北京政府的巨大潛力。

華盛頓的“不戰(zhàn)而屈人之兵”

西方媒體關(guān)于西藏自3月10日開(kāi)始的事件的報(bào)道既不準(zhǔn)確也沒(méi)有獨(dú)立的復(fù)查。絕大多數(shù)在歐美新聞中播放的圖片甚至不是中國(guó)軍警對(duì)喇嘛們進(jìn)行“鎮(zhèn)壓”。大多數(shù)情況下，那些路透社或AFP的圖片所展現(xiàn)的實(shí)際上是喇嘛們的“軍事團(tuán)體”對(duì)漢族居民進(jìn)行毆打。有些情況下，德國(guó)電視臺(tái)播放的圖像實(shí)際上來(lái)自于加德滿(mǎn)都的尼泊爾警察。

西方媒體的沆瀣一氣更加表明了在西藏的事件是由華盛頓精心組織的又一次顛覆活動(dòng)。很少人了解國(guó)家民主基金和Gene Sharp 所謂的由Robert Helvey 上校牽頭的愛(ài)因斯坦研究院一樣，都不過(guò)是用來(lái)支持1989天安門(mén)學(xué)生抗議活動(dòng)工具而已。這個(gè)愛(ài)因斯坦研究院聲稱(chēng)其專(zhuān)門(mén)從事“不戰(zhàn)而屈人之兵”。

Helvey上校原來(lái)屬于駐緬甸的國(guó)防部情報(bào)機(jī)構(gòu)。他曾在香港訓(xùn)練學(xué)生領(lǐng)袖們?nèi)绾卧谔彀查T(mén)廣場(chǎng)進(jìn)行大規(guī)模示威的技巧。 據(jù)信他目前正為F*L*G提供類(lèi)似的顧問(wèn)服務(wù)。Helvey名義上于1991年退休，但他在很久以前就開(kāi)始了和愛(ài)因斯坦研究所以及索羅斯的開(kāi)放社會(huì)基金會(huì)的合作。在他2004年為愛(ài)因斯坦研究所所作的年度報(bào)告中，他承認(rèn)曾為西藏方面提供服務(wù)。

在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)和移動(dòng)電話普及的今天，五角大樓發(fā)展了了一套全新的政權(quán)更換和政治顛覆策略。正如Jonathan Mowat ，這個(gè)專(zhuān)門(mén)研究顏色革命背后問(wèn)題的專(zhuān)家，如下描述的。

“我們看到的是拉姆斯菲爾德部長(zhǎng)提出的“軍事革命”信條的民用體現(xiàn)。這些信條依賴(lài)于高度靈活地部署小作戰(zhàn)群并為其提供實(shí)時(shí)情報(bào)和通信能力。體現(xiàn)在軍事上，就是士兵班用“智能頭盔”所提供的實(shí)施環(huán)境信息來(lái)控制城市街區(qū)。民用上，則是一小隊(duì)的年輕人通過(guò)不斷的手機(jī)聯(lián)系來(lái)監(jiān)視目標(biāo)路口。”

“因?yàn)槊绹?guó)軍方和國(guó)家安全機(jī)構(gòu)資助了互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，手機(jī)，和軟件平臺(tái)的發(fā)展，以上的那種通用性并不令人感到奇怪。從一開(kāi)始，這些技術(shù)就被研究和實(shí)驗(yàn)過(guò)，以求在新的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)形式下能取得最佳效果。一些心理學(xué)專(zhuān)家對(duì)心理學(xué)戰(zhàn)事的研究，將這種使用新工具的“戰(zhàn)事革命”推到了極致。不過(guò)，盡管類(lèi)似的軍事奇思妙想已經(jīng)在高級(jí)智囊中（比如蘭德公司）中孕育了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，直到持新保守主義的拉姆斯菲爾德占了上風(fēng)后，某些成果才被某些美國(guó)軍事機(jī)器的上層結(jié)構(gòu)采用?！?

為了控制中國(guó)

華盛頓的政策已經(jīng)使用并完善了這些“非暴力革命”的技巧。在其使用的許多策略中，國(guó)家民主基金通過(guò)“民主的”或“非暴力政變”的伎倆來(lái)切斷對(duì)中國(guó)生死攸關(guān)的外部油氣資源。

作為英國(guó)式地緣政治學(xué)的支持者，70年代的國(guó)務(wù)卿基辛格曾說(shuō)過(guò)：“控制了石油就能控制所有的國(guó)家?！?

看得很清楚的是，華盛頓在西藏的顛覆活動(dòng)，無(wú)疑的到了英國(guó)以及另外“友好”情報(bào)機(jī)構(gòu)的幫助。

這樣的企圖還包括：顛覆緬甸政府，通過(guò)向達(dá)富爾地區(qū)派駐北約軍隊(duì)來(lái)阻止中國(guó)實(shí)用當(dāng)?shù)兀ɑ蚍侵奁渌裁吹胤剑┑氖唾Y源，煽動(dòng)烏茲別克斯坦和吉爾吉斯斯坦的國(guó)內(nèi)問(wèn)題來(lái)擾亂中國(guó)通往哈薩克斯坦的輸油管道計(jì)劃。正如當(dāng)年的絲綢之路因?yàn)榈乩淼脑蛐枰?jīng)過(guò)塔什干和Almaty，在那樣一個(gè)高山環(huán)抱的地區(qū)，控制了烏茲別克斯坦，吉爾吉斯斯坦，和哈薩克斯坦就能控制中國(guó)和中亞地區(qū)的所有可能石油線路。同時(shí)還能包圍俄國(guó)控制的石油管線與西歐，中國(guó)，印度和中東的聯(lián)系。中國(guó)則需要這樣的管線從伊朗，沙特阿拉伯或其他的歐佩克國(guó)家獲得源源不斷的石油。

包圍中國(guó)策略的背后

以下，我將引用布熱津斯基在1997年9月發(fā)表的一篇外交關(guān)系文章。作為David Rockefeller和英國(guó)式地緣政治學(xué)奠基人Halfor Mackinder爵士的門(mén)徒，布熱津斯基如今是總統(tǒng)候選人奧巴馬的外交事務(wù)顧問(wèn)。他在1997年寫(xiě)道：

“歐亞大陸上有著世界上絕大多數(shù)的政治團(tuán)體和實(shí)體國(guó)家。歷史上所有力圖奪取全球霸權(quán)的勢(shì)力發(fā)源于歐亞大陸。世界上人口最多的尋求地區(qū)霸權(quán)的中國(guó)和印度也在歐亞大陸上，那里還有所有可能對(duì)美國(guó)政治經(jīng)濟(jì)優(yōu)勢(shì)產(chǎn)生挑戰(zhàn)的勢(shì)力。美國(guó)以外，另外最大的六個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)體和軍費(fèi)支出國(guó)家在歐亞大陸。那里還有幾乎所有的公開(kāi)核大國(guó)和隱性核國(guó)家。歐亞大陸有世界上75%的人口，60%的國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值，還有75%的能源儲(chǔ)備?？偟膩?lái)說(shuō)，歐亞的力量讓美國(guó)相形見(jiàn)絀。

歐亞大陸是世界的力量中心。一個(gè)能控制歐亞的力量能決定性的影響世界3大經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)中的兩個(gè)——西歐和東亞。隨便看看地圖，就知道控制了歐亞大陸的國(guó)家便能自動(dòng)的獲得對(duì)中東和非洲的控制。在歐亞大陸變成一個(gè)大的地緣政治棋盤(pán)的現(xiàn)在，搞歐洲一套亞洲一套的政策已經(jīng)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠。歐亞大陸上權(quán)力的分配將對(duì)美國(guó)的全球優(yōu)勢(shì)而言由為重要?！?

以上論述，寫(xiě)于美國(guó)為首的對(duì)前南斯拉夫的轟炸，入侵阿富汗和伊拉克，以及美國(guó)支持巴庫(kù)-第比利斯-Ceyhan石油管線之前。它使華盛頓一直聲稱(chēng)的“消滅專(zhuān)制世界”和推行民主看起來(lái)并不像布什或其他人所說(shuō)的那個(gè)意思。

這都是為了全球霸權(quán)，而非民主。毫不奇怪中國(guó)不認(rèn)為讓華盛頓得到這樣的霸權(quán)符合中國(guó)的國(guó)家利益。就像俄國(guó)不認(rèn)同北約接納烏克蘭和格魯吉亞同時(shí)將美國(guó)導(dǎo)彈放到俄國(guó)門(mén)口以防御伊朗核武器對(duì)美國(guó)的威脅。

美國(guó)的為首的在西藏進(jìn)行的顛覆活動(dòng)是一次重大的戰(zhàn)略轉(zhuǎn)變。這些都發(fā)生在美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)和美元處于1930年以來(lái)最大危機(jī)的同時(shí)。值得注意的是美國(guó)一邊在西藏讓中國(guó)難堪，一邊派其財(cái)長(zhǎng)保爾森去北京。華盛頓實(shí)際上在玩火。中國(guó)早已取代日本成為世界最大外匯儲(chǔ)備國(guó)，其中大多投資于美國(guó)公債。保爾森很清楚北京只要拋售一小部分其美國(guó)公債就能使美元崩潰。

附英文原版

Risky Geopolitical Game: Washington Plays "Tibet Roulette" with China
By F. William Engdahl
Global Research, April 10, 2008
http://www.globalresearch.ca/index.php?context=va&aid=8625

Washington has obviously decided on an ultra-high risk geopolitical game with Beijing"s by fanning the flames of violence in Tibet just at this sensitive time in their relations and on the run-up to the Beijing Olympics. It"s part of an escalating strategy of destabilization of China which has been initiated by the Bush Administration over the past months. It also includes the attempt to ignite an anti-China Saffron Revolution in the neighboring Myanmar region, bringing US-led NATO troops into Darfur where China"s oil companies are developing potentially huge oil reserves. It includes counter moves across mineral-rich Africa. And it includes strenuous efforts to turn India into a major new US forward base on the Asian sub-continent to be deployed against China, though evidence to date suggests the Indian government is being very cautious not to upset Chinese relations.

The current Tibet operation apparently got the green light in October last year when George Bush agreed to meet the Dalai Lama for the first time publicly in Washington. The President of the United States is not unaware of the high stakes of such an insult to Beijing. Bush deepened the affront to America"s largest trading partner, China, by agreeing to attend as the US Congress awarded the Dalai Lama the Congressional Gold Medal.

The immediate expressions of support for the crimson monks of Tibet from George Bush, Condi Rice, France"s Nicolas Sarkozy and Germany"s Angela Merkel most recently took on dimensions of the absurd. Ms Merkel announced she would boycott attending the August Beijing Summer Olympics as her protest at the Beijing treatment of the Tibetan monks. What her press secretary omitted is that she had not even planned to go in the first place.

She was followed by an announcement that Poland"s Prime Minister, the pro-Washington Donald Tusk, would also stay away, along with pro-US Czech President Vaclav Klaus. It is unclear whether they also hadn"t planned to go in the first place but it made for dramatic press headlines.

The recent wave of violent protests and documented attacks by Tibetan monks against Han Chinese residents began on March 10 when several hundred monks marched on Lhasa to demand release of other monks allegedly detained for celebrating the award of the US Congress" Gold Medal last October. The monks were joined by other monks marching to protest Beijing rule on the 49th anniversary of the Tibetan uprising against Chinese rule.

The geopolitical game

As the Chinese government itself was clear to point out, the sudden eruption of anti-Chinese violence in Tibet, a new phase in the movement led by the exiled Dalai Lama, was suspiciously timed to try to put the spotlight on Beijing"s human rights record on the eve of the coming Olympics. The Beijing Olympics are an event seen in China as a major acknowledgement of the arrival of a new prosperous China on the world stage.

The background actors in the Tibet "Crimson revolution" actions confirm that Washington has been working overtime in recent months to prepare another of its infamous Color Revolutions, these fanning public protests designed to inflict maximum embarrassment on Beijing. The actors on the ground in and outside Tibet are the usual suspects, tied to the US State Department, including the National Endowment for Democracy (NED), the CIA"s Freedom House through its chairman, Bette Bao Lord and her role in the International Committee for Tibet, as well as the Trace Foundation financed by the wealth of George Soros through his daughter, Andrea Soros Colombel.

Chinese Prime Minister Wen Jiabao has accused the Dalai Lama of orchestrating the latest unrest to sabotage the Olympic Games "in order to achieve their unspeakable goal", Tibetan independence.

Bush telephoned his Chinese counterpart, President Hu Jintao, to pressure for talks between Beijing and the exiled Dalai Lama. The White House said that Bush, "raised his concerns about the situation in Tibet and encouraged the Chinese government to engage in substantive dialogue with the Dalai Lama"s representatives and to allow access for journalists and diplomats."

President Hu reportedly told Bush the Dalai Lama must "stop his sabotage" of the Olympics before Beijing takes a decision on talks with the exiled Tibetan spiritual leader, foreign ministry spokesman Qin Gang said.

Dalai Lama"s odd friends

In the West the image of the Dalai Lama has been so much promoted that in many circles he is deemed almost a God. While the spiritual life of the Dalai Lama is not our focus, it is relevant to note briefly the circles he has chosen to travel in most of his life.

The Dalai Lama travels in what can only be called rather conservative political circles. What is generally forgotten today is that during the 1930"s the Nazis including Gestapo chief Heinrich Himmler and other top Nazi Party leaders regarded Tibet as the holy site of the survivors of the lost Atlantis, and the origin of the "Nordic pure race."

When he was 11 and already designated Dalai Lama, he was befriended by Heinrich Harrer, a Nazi Party member and officer of Heinrich Himmler"s feared SS. Far from the innocent image of him in the popular Hollywood film with Brad Pitt, Harrer was an elite SS member at the time he met the 11 year old Dalai Lama and became his tutor in "the world outside Tibet." While only the Dalai Lama knows the contents of Harrer"s private lessons, the two remained friends until Harrer died a ripe 93 in 2006.1

That sole friendship, of course, does not define a person"s character, but it is interesting in the context of later friends. In April 1999, along with Margaret Thatcher, and former Beijing Ambassador, CIA Director and President, George H.W. Bush, the Dalai Lama demanded the British government release Augusto Pinochet, the former fascist dictator of Chile and a longtime CIA client who was visiting England. The Dalai Lama urged that Pinochet not be forced to go to Spain where he was wanted to stand trial for crimes against humanity. The Dalai Lama had close ties to Miguel Serrano2, head of Chile"s National Socialist Party, a proponent of something called esoteric Hitlerism. 3

Leaving aside at this point the claim of the Dalai Lama to divinity, what is indisputable is that he has been surrounded and financed in significant part, since his flight into Indian exile in 1959, by various US and Western intelligence services and their gaggle of NGOs. It is the agenda of the Washington friends of the Dalai Lama that is relevant here.

The NED at work again…

As author Michael Parenti notes in his work, Friendly Feudalism: The Tibet Myth, "during the 1950s and 60s, the CIA actively backed the Tibetan cause with arms, military training, money, air support and all sorts of other help." The US-based American Society for a Free Asia, a CIA front, publicized the cause of Tibetan resistance, with the Dalai Lama"s eldest brother, Thubtan Norbu, playing an active role in the group. The Dalai Lama"s second-eldest brother, Gyalo Thondup, established an intelligence operation with the CIA in 1951. It was later upgraded into a CIA-trained guerrilla unit whose recruits parachuted back into Tibet, according to Parenti.4

According to declassified US intelligence documents released in the late 1990s, "for much of the 1960s, the CIA provided the Tibetan exile movement with $1.7 million a year for operations against China, including an annual subsidy of $180,000 for the Dalai Lama." 5

With help of the CIA, the Dalai Lama fled to Dharamsala, India where he lives to the present. He continues to receive millions of dollars in backing today, not from the CIA but from a more innocuous-sounding CIA front organization, funded by the US Congress, the National Endowment for Democracy (NED). The NED has been instrumental in every US-backed Color Revolution destabilization from Serbia to Georgia to Ukraine to Myanmar. Its funds go to back opposition media and global public relations campaigns to popularize their pet opposition candidates.

As in the other recent Color Revolutions, the US Government is fanning the flames of destabilization against China by funding opposition protest organizations inside and outside Tibet through its arm, the National Endowment for Democracy (NED).

The NED was founded by the Reagan Administration in the early 1980"s, on the recommendation of Bill Casey, Reagan"s Director of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), following a series of high-publicity exposures of CIA assassinations and destabilizations of unfriendly regimes. The NED was designed to pose as an independent NGO, one step removed from the CIA and Government agencies so as to be less conspicuous, presumably. The first acting President of the NED, Allen Weinstein, commented to the Washington Post that, "A lot of what we [the NED] do today was done covertly 25 years ago by the CIA." 6

American intelligence historian, William Blum states, "The NED played an important role in the Iran-Contra affair of the 1980s, funding key components of Oliver North"s shadowy "Project Democracy." This network privatized US foreign policy, waged war, ran arms and drugs, and engaged in other equally charming activities. In 1987, a White House spokesman stated that those at NED "run Project Democracy." 7

The most prominent pro-Dalai Lama Tibet independence organization today is the International Campaign for Tibet, founded in Washington in 1988. Since at least 1994 the ICT has been receiving funds from the NED. The ICT awarded their annual Light of Truth award in 2005 to Carl Gershman, founder of the NED. Other ICT award winners have included the German Friedrich Naumann Foundation and Czech leader, Vaclav Havel. The ICT Board of Directors is peopled with former US State Department officials including Gare Smith and Julia Taft. 8

Another especially active anti-Beijing organization is the US-based Students for a Free Tibet, founded in 1994 in New York City as a project of US Tibet Committee and the NED-financed International Campaign for Tibet (ICT). The SFT is most known for unfurling a 450 foot banner atop the Great Wall in China; calling for a free Tibet, and accusing Beijing of wholly unsubstantiated claims of genocide against Tibet. Apparently it makes good drama to rally na39;ve students.

The SFT was among five organizations which this past January that proclaimed start of a "Tibetan people"s uprising" on Jan 4 this year and co-founded a temporary office in charge of coordination and financing.

Harry Wu is another prominent Dalai Lama supporter against Beijing. He became notorious for claiming falsely in a 1996 Playboy interview that he had "videotaped a prisoner whose kidneys were surgically removed while he was alive, and then the prisoner was taken out and shot. The tape was broadcast by BBC." The BBC film showed nothing of the sort, but the damage was done. How many people check old BBC archives? Wu, a retired Berkeley professor who left China after imprisonment as a dissident, is head of the Laogai Research Foundation, a tax-exempt organization whose main funding is from the NED.9

Among related projects, the US Government-financed NED also supports the Tibet Times newspaper, run out of the Dalai Lama"s exile base at Dharamsala, India. The NED also funds the Tibet Multimedia Center for "information dissemination that addresses the struggle for human rights and democracy in Tibet," also based in Dharamsala. And NED finances the Tibetan Center for Human Rights and Democracy.

In short, US State Department and US intelligence community finger prints are all over the upsurge around the Free Tibet movement and the anti-Han Chinese attacks of March. The question to be asked is why, and especially why now?

Tibet"s raw minerals treasure

Tibet is of strategic import to China not only for its geographical location astride the border with India, Washington"s newest anti-China ally in Asia. Tibet is also a treasure of minerals and also oil. Tibet contains some of the world"s largest uranium and borax deposits, one half of the world"s lithium, the largest copper deposits in Asia, enormous iron deposits, and over 80,000 gold mines. Tibet"s forests are the largest timber reserve at China"s disposal; as of 1980, an estimated $54 billion worth of trees had been felled and taken by China. Tibet also contains some of the largest oil reserves in the region.10

On the Tibet Autonomous Region"s border along the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region is also a vast oil and mineral region in the Qaidam Basin, known as a "treasure basin." The Basin has 57 different types of mineral resources with proven reserves including petroleum, natural gas, coal, crude salt, potassium, magnesium, lead, zinc and gold. These mineral resources have a potential economic value of 15 trillion yuan or US$1.8 trillion. Proven reserves of potassium, lithium and crude salt in the basin are the biggest in China.

And situated as it is, on the "roof of the world," Tibet is perhaps the world"s most valuable water source. Tibet is the source of seven of Asia"s greatest rivers which provide water for 2 billion people." He who controls Tibet"s water has a mighty powerful geopolitical lever over all Asia.

But the prime interest of Tibet for Washington today is its potential to act as a lever to destabilize and blackmail the Beijing Government.

Washington"s "nonviolence as a form of warfare"

The events in Tibet since March 10 have been played in Western media with little regard to accuracy or independent cross-checking. Most of the pictures blown up in European and US newspapers and TV have not even been of Chinese military oppression of Tibetan lamas or monks. They have been shown to be in most cases either Reuters or AFP pictures of Han Chinese being beaten by Tibetan monks in paramilitary organizations. In some instances German TV stations ran video pictures of beatings that were not even from Tibet but rather by Nepalese police in Kathmandu. 11

The western media complicity simply further underlies that the actions around Tibet are part of a well-orchestrated destabilization effort on the part of Washington. What few people realize is that the National Endowment for Democracy (NED) was also instrumental, along with Gene Sharp"s misnamed Albert Einstein Institution through Colonel Robert Helvey, in encouraging the student protests at Tiananmen Square in June 1989. The Albert Einstein Institution, as it describes itself, specializes in "nonviolence as a form of warfare." 12

Colonel Helvey was formerly with the Defense Intelligence Agency stationed in Myanmar. Helvey trained in Hong Kong the student leaders from Beijing in mass demonstration techniques which they were to use in the Tiananmen Square incident of June 1989. He is now believed acting as an adviser to the Gong in similar civil disobedience techniques. Helvey nominally retired from the army in 1991, but had been working with the Albert Einstein Institution and George Soros" Open Society Foundation long before then. In its annual report for 2004 Helvey"s Albert Einstein Institution admitted to advising people in Tibet. 13

With the emergence of the Internet and mobile telephone use, the US Pentagon has refined an entirely new form of regime change and political destabilization. As one researcher of the phenomenon behind the wave of color revolutions, Jonathan Mowat, describes it,

"…What we are seeing is civilian application of Secretary Donald Rumsfeld"s "Revolution in Military Affairs" doctrine, which depends on highly mobile small group deployments "enabled" by "real time" intelligence and communications. Squads of soldiers taking over city blocks with the aid of "intelligence helmet" video screens that give them an instantaneous overview of their environment, constitute the military side. Bands of youth converging on targeted intersections in constant dialogue on cell phones constitute the doctrine"s civilian application.

"This parallel should not be surprising since the US military and National Security Agency subsidized the development of the Internet, cellular phones, and software platforms. From their inception, these technologies were studied and experimented with in order to find the optimal use in a new kind of warfare. The "revolution" in warfare that such new instruments permit has been pushed to the extreme by several specialists in psychological warfare. Although these military utopians have been working in high places, (for example the RAND Corporation), for a very long time, to a large extent they only took over some of the most important command structures of the US military apparatus with the victory of the neoconservatives in the Pentagon of Donald Rumsfeld.14

Goal to control China

Washington policy has used and refined these techniques of "revolutionary nonviolence," and NED operations embodied a series of "democratic" or soft coup projects as part of a larger strategy which would seek to cut China off from access to its vital external oil and gas reserves.

The 1970"s quote attributed to then-Secretary of State Henry Kissinger, a proponent of British geopolitics in an American context comes to mind: "If you control the oil you control entire nations…"

The destabilization attempt by Washington using Tibet, no doubt with quiet "help" from its friends in British and other US-friendly intelligence services, is part of a clear pattern.

It includes Washington"s "Saffron revolution" attempts to destabilize Myanmar. It includes the ongoing effort to get NATO troops into Darfur to block China"s access to strategically vital oil resources there and elsewhere in Africa. It includes attempts to foment problems in Uzbekistan, Kyrgystan and to disrupt China"s vital new energy pipeline projects to Kazakhstan. The earlier Asian Great Silk Road trade routes went through Tashkent in Uzbekistan and Almaty in Kazakhstan for geographically obvious reasons, in a region surrounded by major mountain ranges. Geopolitical control of Uzbekistan, Kyrgystan, Kazakhstan would enable control of any potential pipeline routes between China and Central Asia just as the encirclement of Russia controls pipeline and other ties between it and western Europe, China, India and the Middle East, where China depends on uninterrupted oil flows from Iran, Saudi Arabia and other OPEC countries.

Behind the strategy to encircle China

In this context, a revealing New York Council on Foreign Relations analysis in their Foreign Affairs magazine from Zbigniew Brzezinski from September/October 1997 is worth quoting. Brzezinski, a protégé of David Rockefeller and a follower of the founder of British geopolitics, Sir Halford Mackinder, is today the foreign policy adviser to Presidential candidate, Barack Obama. In 1997 he revealingly wrote:

"Eurasia is home to most of the world"s politically assertive and dynamic states. All the historical pretenders to global power originated in Eurasia. The world"s most populous aspirants to regional hegemony, China and India, are in Eurasia, as are all the potential political or economic challengers to American primacy. After the United States, the next six largest economies and military spenders are there, as are all but one of the world"s overt nuclear powers, and all but one of the covert ones. Eurasia accounts for 75 percent of the world"s population; 60 percent of its GNP, and 75 percent of its energy resources. Collectively, Eurasia"s potential power overshadows even America"s.

"Eurasia is the world"s axial super-continent. A power that dominated Eurasia would exercise decisive influence over two of the world"s three most economically productive regions, Western Europe and East Asia. A glance at the map also suggests that a country dominant in Eurasia would almost automatically control the Middle East and Africa. With Eurasia now serving as the decisive geopolitical chessboard, it no longer suffices to fashion one policy for Europe and another for Asia. What happens with the distribution of power on the Eurasian landmass will be of decisive importance to America"s global primacy…."15 (emphasis mine-w.e.).

This statement, written well before the US-led bombing of former Yugoslavia and the US military occupations in Afghanistan and Iraq, or its support of the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan Pipeline, puts Washington pronouncements about "ridding the world of tyranny" and about spreading democracy, into a somewhat different context from the one usually mentioned by George W. Bush of others.

It"s about global hegemony, not democracy. It should be no surprise when powers such as China are not convinced that giving Washington such overwhelming power is in China"s national interest, any more than Russia thinks that it would be a step towards peace to let NATO gobble up Ukraine and Georgia and put US missiles on Russia"s doorstep "to defend against threat of Iranian nuclear attack on the United States."

The US-led destabilization in Tibet is part of a strategic shift of great significance. It comes at a time when the US economy and the US dollar, still the world"s reserve currency, are in the worst crisis since the 1930"s. It is significant that the US Administration sends Wall Street banker, former Goldman Sachs chairman, Henry Paulson to Beijing in the midst of its efforts to embarrass Beijing in Tibet. Washington is literally playing with fire. China long ago surpassed Japan as the world"s largest holder of foreign currency reserves, now in the range of $1.5 trillions, most of which are invested in US Treasury debt instruments. Paulson knows well that were Beijing to decide it could bring the dollar to its knees by selling only a small portion of its US debt on the market.

Endnotes:

1 Ex-Nazi, Dalai"s tutor Harrer dies at 93, The Times of India, 9 Jan 2006, in
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/msid-1363946,prtpage-1.cms.

2 Goodrick-Clarke, Nicholas, Black Sun: Aryan Cults, Esoteric Nazism and the Politics of Identity, New York University Press, 2001, p. 177.

3 Goldner, Colin, M46;nchischer Terror auf dem Dach der Welt Teil 1: Die Begeisterung für den Dalai Lama und den tibetischen Buddhismus, March 26, 2008, excerpted from the book Dalai Lama: Fall eines Gottk46;nigs, Alibri Verlag,, new edition to appear April 2008, reproduced in
http://www.jungewelt.de/2008/03-27/006.php.

4 Parenti, Michael, Friendly Feudalism: The Tibet Myth, June 2007, in www.michaelparenti.org/Tibet.html.

5 Mann, Jim, CIA funded covert Tibet exile campaign in 1960s, The Age (Australia), Sept. 16, 1998.

6 Ignatius, D., Innocence Abroad: The New World of Spyless Coups, The Washington Post, 22 September 1991.

7 Blum, William, The NED and "Project Democracy," January 2000, in www.friendsoftibet.org/databank/usdefence/usd5.html

8 Barker, Michael, "Democratic Imperialism": Tibet, China and the National Endowment for Democracy, Global Research, August 13, 2007, www.globalresearch.ca.

9 McGehee, Ralph, Ralph McGehee" s Archive on JFK Place, CIA Operations in China Part III, May 2, 1996, in www.acorn.net/jfkplace/03/RM/RM.china-for.

10 US Tibet Committee, Fifteen things you should know about Tibet and China, in
http://ustibetcommittee.org/facts/facts.html.

11 Goldner, Colin, M46;nchischer Terror auf dem Dach der Welt Teil 2: Krawalle im Vorfeld der Olympischen Spiele, op cit.

12 Mowat, Jonathan, The new Gladio in action?, Online Journal, Mar 19, 2005, in
http://onlinejournal.com/artman/publish/printer_308.shtml.

13 Ibid.

14 Ibid.

15 Brzezinski, Zbigniew, A Geostrategy for Eurasia, Foreign Affairs, 76:5, September/October 1997.

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69; Copyright F. William Engdahl , Global Research, 2008

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