論毛澤東（中英文對照）

何  新

He Xin: On Mao Zedong

（Chinese-English bilingual Version）

1

毋庸置疑，毛澤東是人類歷史上最偉大的革命家、軍事家和政治家。毛澤東是幾千年不世出的曠世天才。

Undoubtedly, Mao Zedong has been the greatest revolutionist, strategist and statesman throughout all the epochs of human history as well as a peerless genius in several thousands of years.

通觀人類歷史，可以論定毛澤東是一位曠世絕倫，無與類比的人物。毛澤東喚醒了整個東方人類和新興世界。20世紀30年代以后的中國歷史(無論其正面或者負面)，幾乎都是毛澤東所一手鑄成。而20世紀的世界歷史，如果沒有毛澤東，也必是完全不同的另一面貌。

Take a panoramic view of the human history, we could draw the conclusion that Mao Zedong has been an unparalleled great figure without rivals. He awakened all the Eastern peoples and the newly-established world. China’s history after the 1930s (whether the positive or negative side) has taken shape almost all under Mao Zedong’s hand; while the world’s history in the twentieth century must have been a completely different one without Mao Zedong.

毛澤東去世后，他生前反對過的南斯拉夫強人鐵托說：“毛澤東是站在巨人之上的超級巨人”。而西德總理勃蘭特說：“對一部分人來說，毛澤東是希望，對另一部分人來說，他是永久的挑戰(zhàn)。兩種情況都將繼續(xù)下去，以后一直會如此”。信然!

After Mao Zedong’s demise, the Yugoslavian strongman President Tito whom Mao used to oppose acclaimed the late Mao: “Mao Zedong is the super giant in one giant.” Willy Brandt, Chancellor of West Germany, said: “For some people, Mao Zedong is their hope; while for some others, he is a permanent challenge. These two situations shall both continue, and shall always be.” It’s indeed the truth!

毛澤東天姿英發(fā)，文韜武略，倜儻風流，膽識過人。所有的親歷者都指出毛澤東的人格魅力是無窮的。任何走近他的人，都不能不被其言談舉止所震撼或者融化(包括他的對手如蔣介石、尼克松、赫魯曉夫和基辛格)。在毛澤東面前，巨人顯得渺小。

Mao Zedong, bearing both an inborn heroic spirit and a dignified and charming deportment, was one versed in both literature and military affairs and one exceeding the rest in both bravery and wisdom. All history witnesses have pointed out that Mao Zedong possessed indefinite personal charisma. And he had never failed to, with his speech and deportment, shock or overwhelm anyone who walked near him (including his opponents Chiang Kai Shek, Nixon, Khrushchev and Kissinger). The giant even looked smaller in front of Mao Zedong.

以毛澤東出身之卑微，早年所受教育之狹蹙，社會背景之孤陋，以及所掌握資源之匱乏——而竟能白手起家，自力更生，締造出一個雄偉的新生中華之國!

With such humble origins, such parochial early education, such ordinary social background and such scanty resources, Mao Zedong could start empty-handed, blaze a trail by self-dependence and finally build up the magnificent New China!

回溯中古時代以來的歷史1000年、黑鐵時代以來的歷史3000年、青銅時代以來的歷史5000年，以至智人誕生以來的歷史四百萬年———毛澤東現象都可以斷論是絕無僅有，渾然天成!

While looking retrospectively at the history dating back to the medieval times one thousand years ago, the Iron Age three thousand years ago, the Bronze Age five thousand years ago, or even the homo sapien period four million years ago, we could definitely tell that the Mao Zedong phenomenon has been the only one of its kind and has been one as natural as nature itself!

2

毛澤東對于歷史是一個奇跡!他的平生業(yè)績令當世之人目瞪口呆，令后世之人難以置信!毛澤東的故事宛若一個神話。

Mao Zedong is a miracle for history itself. His lifelong achievements have not only astonished people of the present-day world, but shall also appear equally incredible to people of later generations. The story of Mao Zedong is just like a legend.

世界歷史上從來沒有第二位政治家，能夠憑借幾乎一無所有、兩手空空的經濟和政治資源，在短短的二十八年之間，審時度勢，謀形造勢，縱橫捭闔，橫掃強敵，締造出全世界人數最多的第一政黨(“中國共產黨”)，建立了一只裝備簡陋而幾乎戰(zhàn)無不勝的鋼鐵之軍隊(“中國人民解放軍”)，一個基礎赤貧然而精神無比強大的新興共和國————中華人民共和國。而毛澤東自身，則于1949年成為世界上這個人口最多的國家之至高無上的圣人、導師和領袖。

In the world’s history, there has never been a second statesman, who had, starting from a foundation with barely no economic or political resources at all, in a short period of twenty-eight years, accurately judged the hour and sized up the situation, maneuvered among various political groupings, and swept all the powerful enemies and finally successfully set up the largest party in the world (“the Communist Party of China”), built up a poorly-equipped yet almost all-conquering iron army (“the Chinese People’s Liberation Army”), and established a new republic with a destitute foundation yet of an uplifting spirit -- the People’s Republic of China. Mao Zedong himself has also, in 1949, become the supreme saint, mentor and leader of the country which had the largest population in the world.

自從地理大發(fā)現的近500年以來，世界上沒有任何一個國家之領袖，敢于如毛澤東那樣地以一國而對抗世界，那樣地蔑視世界殖民主義的西方列強和20世紀的美、蘇兩霸，如此地蔑視西方所謂的“世界新秩序”。

Ever since the Great Geographical Discovery about five hundred years ago, no leader of any other country in the world had been as dauntless as Mao Zedong, who dared to lead China to confront against the entire world, to show contempt to the Western colonial powers as well as the Soviet-American hegemony in the twentieth century, and to despise the so-called “new world order” set by the West.

3

1950年新中國立國之初，毛澤東力排眾議而出軍朝鮮，以小米加步槍，公然抗衡聯合國17國(美、英、法、韓國以及荷蘭、新西蘭、加拿大、澳大利亞、菲律賓、土耳其、泰國、南非、希臘、比利時、盧森堡、哥倫比亞、埃塞俄比亞)的強大聯軍，并且戰(zhàn)而勝之!而此戰(zhàn)，美國所派出的是其全部陸軍的三分之一，空軍的五分之一，海軍的二分之一。

In 1950, shortly after the establishment of New China, Mao Zedong overrode all objections and sent the PLA of China to North Korea. Relying on millet plus rifles, the Chinese army fought openly against the powerful allied forces of the seventeen countries (the United States, Britain, France, South Korea, Holland, New Zealand, Canada, Australia, Philippines, Turkey, Thailand, South Africa, Greece, Belgium, Luxemburg, Columbia, Ethiopia) and finally triumphed over them. During that war, the United States had dispatched one-third of its land force, one-fifth of its air force, and half of its navy into the battlefield.

面對這樣強大的軍事陣容，只要敢于迎戰(zhàn)，即使戰(zhàn)敗也不失為英雄。然而毛澤東于萬里之外遙控戰(zhàn)局，羽扇綸巾談笑間，強虜灰飛煙滅——竟然將二戰(zhàn)中克勝日本天皇百萬大軍、威名蓋世的美軍統(tǒng)帥麥克阿瑟打得丟盔卸甲，棄印而去。

Confronted with such powerful military forces, one should be regarded as a hero even in defeat as long as one had the courage to fight. However, Mao Zedong, mapping out military strategies in a leisurely and unhurried manner thousands of miles away from the battlefield, commanded his army to completely vanquish the American Supreme Commander MacArthur, who had the awe-inspiring reputation of defeating the millions of troops of the Japanese emperor in the past.

此后面對整個西方世界的報復、封鎖和堵截，較量幾十年，最終毛澤東迫使西方世界不僅向他低頭，而且不得不為他喝彩。甚至連超強之敵酋也不得不對他輸誠俯首!(可參看二戰(zhàn)之英軍統(tǒng)帥蒙巴頓將軍關于毛澤東的回憶錄以及尼克松、基辛格的回憶錄。)

Since then, Mao Zedong has begun to fight a decades-long contest with the revenges, blockade and interceptions from the West, while he had finally forced the Western world succumb to him or even acclaim to him. What’s more, even his strongest opponents had to capitulate to him! (See reference to WWII British Commander General Louis Mountbatten’s memoirs about Mao Zedong and the Memoirs of Nixon and Kissinger.)

事實上，1950年爆發(fā)的朝鮮戰(zhàn)爭的終局，并不是結束在1953年7月板門店的談判桌上，而是結束在1972年2月北京中南海毛澤東住處的游泳池邊，就是美國總統(tǒng)尼克松俯首下心而向毛澤東折節(jié)輸誠的那個時刻。

In fact, the outcome of the Korean War that broke out in 1950 was not from the negotiating table in Panmunjom in July 1953, but from the edge of the swimming pool outside Mao Zedong’s Beijing Zhongnanhai abode in February 1972, and from the moment when the American President Nixon bowed wholeheartedly to express his sincerity to Mao Zedong.

毛澤東蔑視聯合國。但是當1971年10月中國使團驕傲地帶著毛澤東著作和中國式的理念走進紐約聯合國大廈的時候，中國人所得到的卻是全世界的歡呼和掌聲!

Mao Zedong had never taken the United Nations seriously. Nevertheless, when the Chinese mission taking Mao Zedong’s works and the Chinese-styled ideas entered the UN headquarters in New York in October 1971, the Chinese people won the cheers and applause from all over the world!

毛澤東現象是世界歷史中絕無僅有，而幾乎不可思議的神話。

In the world’s history, Mao Zedong has been a unique phenomenon as well as an incredible legend.

4

哲人尼采說：戰(zhàn)爭是凈化歷史的洗滌劑。黑格爾說：戰(zhàn)爭推動歷史前進。

Philosopher Nietzsche said: war is the detergent that purifies the history. Hegel said: war pushes forward the progress of history.

毛澤東出身一介布衣，早年不過是一介寒儒卑微書生。平生智計魁梧奇?zhèn)?，至見其圖，弱冠狀貌，靦腆羞澀如溫潤好女。

Born as a commoner, Mao Zedong had merely been a poor and humble scholar in his early years. Despite his great sagacity and resourcefulness, seeing his photo, one would find that he appeared as a boy in his twenties, both shy and bashful, and as muted as a young lady.

然而毛澤東之大半生在馬背上度過。更不可思議的是，毛澤東身經百戰(zhàn)，卻幾乎手不觸槍。自1928秋收起義后兵敗落草上山，到1949年席卷全中國的遼沈、淮海、平津、渡江四大戰(zhàn)役，毛澤東以數百人的一支落魄殘軍起家，數十年中竟鍛造出一只戰(zhàn)無不勝而意氣如虹的鋼鐵之軍。

However, Mao Zedong spent most of his life on horseback. What’s more unbelievable, as battle-seasoned as he was, Mao Zedong had scarcely touched a gun himself. Since the defeat in the Autumn Harvest Uprising in 1928, to the four major campaigns of Liao-Shen, Huai-Hai, Beiping-Tianjin, and Jing-Hu-Hang in 1949 that swept the whole country, Mao Zedong started his great cause from a broken army of several hundreds of soldiers and gradually hammered out an all-conquering iron army of indestructible spirit.

二十一年的三次國內革命戰(zhàn)爭中，毛澤東所指揮的游擊戰(zhàn)、反圍剿、運動戰(zhàn)以及大殲滅戰(zhàn)，以對戰(zhàn)雙方投入兵力之數量，戰(zhàn)爭之規(guī)模，覆蓋地域之廣闊論，均超過了人類歷史上一切戰(zhàn)爭和經典戰(zhàn)役。毛澤東生平取得的戰(zhàn)績足以壓倒全部西方戰(zhàn)史上的一切統(tǒng)帥和名將。

During the three revolutionary civil wars in twenty-one years, Mao Zedong had commanded numerous guerrilla wars, counter-campaigns, mobile wars, as well as wars of annihilation. The number of armed forces put into wars by both sides, the scale of wars and of the war-stricken areas, have surpassed all wars and classical battles in the human history. The military successes that Mao Zedong had accomplished during his lifetime have exceeded those made by all military commanders and famous generals in the Western military history.

毛澤東御軍四十余年，覽傳統(tǒng)之法術，綱馬列之宏教，運籌遠謀，算無遺策。鞭撻宇內，臨危制變。明哲識才，知人善用，席卷千軍，戰(zhàn)天斗地。

Mao Zedong took command of the PLA of China for forty years, during which time he not only gave full play to the traditional Chinese military strategies, but also made ingeniously applications of the Marxism-Leninism tenets, and in this way, he seldom made misjudgment and had all the situations well in hand. Leading armies to fight battles throughout the entire country, he could always maintain his flexibility and maneuverability in the face of danger. In addition, possessing the great wisdom of distinguishing and using talents, Mao Zedong guided his troops, defeated the powerful enemies and won triumphs one after another in the universe.

毛澤東的軍事指揮藝術出神入化，精妙絕倫，磅礴云天。相形之下，西方之那些名將戰(zhàn)局不過如同小丘而已。所謂運籌帷幄之中，決勝千里之外，不足以狀毛澤東兵法之神妙。毛澤東用兵包括政治、軍事、宣傳動員、諜報用間，戰(zhàn)略、戰(zhàn)術整體配合之運用，其高明超過了人類歷史上一切偉大的軍事家和戰(zhàn)爭組織者。

Mao Zedong’s military commanding art has attained such an acme of superb perfection that, compared with him, those famous generals and battles in the West all seemed totally unworthy of being mentioned. Even the so-called compliment of “devising strategies within a command to win a victory thousands miles away” could not fully depict how marvelously ingenious Mao Zedong’s military strategies are. While commanding armies, Mao Zedong made such clever application of the overall collaborated means of politics, military forces, propaganda and mobilization, intelligence work, military strategies and tactics that his military wisdom has surpassed all great militarists and war organizers in the human history.

毛澤東兵學天下無敵。只要這個世界上仍然有戰(zhàn)爭，毛澤東戰(zhàn)爭學術就當之無愧地名列人類戰(zhàn)史之首篇。

Mao Zedong’s military science has been invincible all over the world. As long as there are wars in this world, Mao Zedong’s military science shall fully deserve to be ranked in the first place in the military history of mankind.

毛澤東是軍事史中一位戰(zhàn)功彪炳，值得一切軍事家景仰和研究的戰(zhàn)神。

In the military history, Mao Zedong is a god of war who had accomplished outstanding military exploits and thus deserves the admiration and study of all militarists.

5

毛澤東智慧而詭譎，是一位玄機難測的偉大政治謀略家。毛澤東駕馭歷史操縱人類的能力，非學而成，似乎來自天賦。

Both sagacious and wily, Mao Zedong is a mysterious and unpredictable great political strategist. It seems that Mao Zedong’s ability of manipulating history and people has been an inborn talent rather than something gained from later acquisition.

毛澤東生前斗倒了他的一切內外強敵。毛澤東蔑視一切對手，說大人則渺之，所謂戰(zhàn)略上藐視之而戰(zhàn)術上重視之，又極乎辯證。

During his lifetime, Mao Zedong defeated all his foes both inside and outside of China. He held a contemptuous attitude towards all of his opponents, saying that a grand person should despise all his enemies. While his talking of “strategically despising all the enemies, but tactically taking them all seriously” fully demonstrates his dialectical thoughts.

但是，毛澤東始終關注人民百姓之“大多數”。他永遠在世界上窮苦大眾、“弱勢群體”即賤民們，那些被侮辱與被損害者的那一邊。

However, Mao Zedong has always cherished deep concerns for the ordinary people, who represented “the great majority”. He has forever taken his side with the impoverished and “the disadvantaged groups” in the world, that is, the so-called “untouchables”, the humiliated and the injured and hurt.

毛澤東使一個東亞病夫的散沙混亂之國，實現大統(tǒng)一，而奠基克成華夏民族復興之初業(yè)。

Under the guidance of Mao Zedong, the chaotic and disunited Chinese nation whose people used to bear the disgraceful name of “sick men of East Asia” has finally reached its great unification and thus laid the initial foundation for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

毛澤東的個性和人格魅力是無窮的。他具有超人的藝術天賦、深刻的直覺靈思和極其廣博的人文知識。

Mao Zedong’s personal charisma is of infinite charm. He has superb artistic talent, acute intuition, profound inspirations and extremely extensive humanistic knowledge.

動則講武策，靜則思經傳。登高必賦，手不釋卷。以詩明志，一任肺腑。被之管弦，皆成樂章。抒情古直，婉約豪放，洞徹人情，悲勁蒼涼。

In commanding the troops, he could always cited lines freely from the military classics; in staying alone peacefully, he always meditated over the classical works. Never seen without a book in hand, he must compose a poem whenever ascending a height. Those poems, telling his great aspirations with words from the bottom of his heart, are all so well-rhymed that once recited with background music, they will all turn into great musical melodies. Whether lyrical or narrative, whether graceful and implicit or bold and unconstrained, those poems convey a sense of forcefulness and bleakness, demonstrating Mao Zedong’s deep insights into the human nature.

在私生活中，毛澤東胸懷寬大，感情豐富，幽默詼諧，仁慈寬厚。

In his private life, Mao Zedong was a broad-minded and humorous person with rich emotions and a magnanimous personality.

毛澤東知道世上沒有不散的筵席，“萬歲”不過是欺人的空話，“四個偉大”只是阿諛奉承——“我才不信那一套”!

Mao Zedong knew that there was no never-ending feast in the world, that “a long life of ten thousand years” was but a deceptive empty talk, and that people’s compliments of him, “the four great -- great leader, great mentor, great helmsman, great commander”, were only flattering words, thus he said: “I don’t believe that!”

“為了打鬼借助鐘馗”，毛澤東敢于嘲笑自己既有“虎氣”也有“猴氣”。他知道，總有一天他的偶像也會被打得粉碎——“那有什么了不起?不過粉碎而已。”

“In order to exorcise demons, we need to seek help from Zhong Kui, the superstitious god.” Mao Zedong dared to ridicule himself as bearing both “the disposition of a tiger”, which referred to his stubborn fortitude and indomitable spirit, and “the disposition of a monkey”, which referred to his rich emotions, humorous optimism, poetic temperament and idealism. He knew that one day his idol would also be smashed, but he said: “What’s the big deal? It’s only smashing!”

但是在政治斗爭中，毛澤東鐵面無私冷酷無情。只要斗爭需要，他就毅然斬斷一切舊日情緣、粉粹任何障礙———不論其是舊日袍澤還是多年戰(zhàn)友，文化大革命中尤甚!

Whereas, Mao Zedong was impartial, incorruptible and unrelentingly indifferent in political struggles. As long as it’s needed by the struggles, he would resolutely cut off all the erstwhile relations and grinding all the obstacles, whether his old fellow officers or comrades for many years, especially in the Great Cultural Revolution.

馬基雅弗利的《君主論》說：“領袖既是獅子也是狐貍。為了勝利必須審時度勢運用機鋒”。拿破侖說“如果需要冷酷無情，那就冷酷無情!”毛澤東早年研究過馬基雅弗利，暮年仍然好讀拿破侖。

Machiavelli wrote in his The Prince: “A ruler is both a lion and a fox. It’s necessary to size up the situation or even adopt evil means in order to win triumph.” Napoleon also said: “If ruthlessness is necessary, then ruthlessness it is!” Mao Zedong used to conduct research on Machiavelli in his youth, and was still a loyal reader of Napoleon in his late years.

在政治權謀上，毛澤東是一位政治謀略藝術的成功運用者。但是毛澤東的政績非凡卓越，德澤后世!

In politics, Mao Zedong has been such a successful user of the art of political strategies. While his remarkable political achievements have brought blessing and benefits to all the later generations!

6

毛澤東作為一位開國及治國者，其生平最偉大的成就之一，是他成功地領導了中國國民經濟的快速工業(yè)化進程，從而使得中國由一個一窮二白的農民國家，在20多年之間通過自力更生，而初步建立起一個門類齊全的工業(yè)化基礎。

As the founding father as well as the early ruler of the New China, Mao Zedong accomplished numerous achievements during his lifetime, and one of his greatest achievements is, under his guidance, China has successfully accomplished the rapid industrialization of its national economy, which allowed China, an agricultural country used to be in the state of “poverty and blankness”, to initially set up its industrial system complete in range through only decades of independent efforts.

美國歷史學者莫里斯·邁斯納論中國經濟的現代化歷程時指出：

Maurice Jerome Meisner, an American historian, pointed out the following view while commenting on the modernization course of the Chinese economy:

“——盡管曾經存在所有的失敗和挫折，但是毛澤東時代卻是中國的現代工業(yè)革命的時期，這一結論是不可避免的。曾經長期被西方蔑視為“亞洲病夫”的中國，20世紀50年代初期以小于比利時工業(yè)規(guī)模的工業(yè)為開始，而在毛澤東的時代結束時，卻以世界上6個最大工業(yè)國之一的姿態(tài)出現于世界之前。

“Despite all the past failures and setbacks, it’s still unavoidable to draw the conclusion that the Mao Zedong Era was China’s modern industrial revolution period. China, which used to be despised as “sick man of East Asia “by the West for a long period of time, started in the early 1950s with an industry whose scale was even smaller than that of Belgium; but at the end of the Mao Zedong Era, it came in front of the world as one of the world’s six largest industrial countries.”

中國的國民收入在1952年——1978年的25年間增加了4倍，即從1952年的600億元增加到1978年的3000億元，而工業(yè)在增加的國民收入中所占的比例最大。人均國民收入指數(以不變價格計算)從1949年的100(1952年的160)增加到1957年的217和1978年的440。

During the quarter from 1952 to 1978, China’s national income increased by four times, that is, from 60 billion in 1952 to 300 billion in 1978, with its industrial income accounting for the biggest share in the increased income. And the index of China’s per capita national income (by fixed prices) increased from 100 in 1949 (160 in 1952) to 217 in 1957 and then to 440 in 1978.

在毛澤東時代的最后20年間(這是毛澤東的后繼者們評價不高的一個時期)，而且連大躍進的經濟災難也估計在內，中國的國民收入在1957年至1975年期間翻了一番多——人均增加63%。

Over the last two decades in the Mao Zedong Era (which is also the period receiving not so high evaluation from Mao Zedong’s successors), even including the economic disasters brought about by the Great Leap Forward, China’s national income more than doubled from 1957 to 1975, with an increase of 63% per capita.

———無論人們將毛澤東時代作何種評價，正是這個中國現代工業(yè)革命時期為中國現代經濟發(fā)展奠定了根本的基礎，使中國從一個完全的農業(yè)國家變成了一個以工業(yè)為主的國家。1952年，工業(yè)占國民生產總值的30%，農業(yè)產值占64%;而到1975年，這個比率顛倒過來了，工業(yè)占國家經濟生產的72%，農業(yè)則僅占28%了。

-- No matter how people will evaluate the Mao Zedong Era, it is this modern industrial revolution period of China that had laid the fundamental basis for the development of the country’s modern economy and had transformed China from a complete agricultural country to a country with industry as its economic cornerstone. In 1952, the total industrial output value only accounted for 30% in Chin’s Gross National Product (GNP), and the total agricultural output value occupied a proportion of 64%; yet by the year of 1975, this ratio had reversed, the industrial output value accounted for 72% in Chin’s GNP, while the percentage of the agricultural output value dropped to 28%.

其實毛澤東的那個時代遠非是現在普遍傳聞中所謂的經濟停滯時代。而是世界歷史上最偉大的現代化時代之一，與德國、日本等幾個現代工業(yè)舞臺上的主要后起之秀的工業(yè)化過程中最快速時期相比毫不遜色。”

In fact, the Mao Zedong Era has far from been the so-called period of economic stagnation which is widely rumored now. Being one of the greatest modernization eras in the world, the Mao Zedong Era was no less splendid even compared with the quickest industrialization periods in the several promising young industrial powers, such as Germany and Japan, in the modern industrial arena of the world.

所以，當之無愧地可以論定，毛澤東，他乃是現代中國的工業(yè)化之父。

Therefore, there is no doubt that Mao Zedong fully deserves to be called the father of industrialization of the modern China.

7

黑格爾說：“婢仆眼中無英雄。但那并非因為英雄不是英雄，而是因為婢仆只是婢仆!”

Hegel said: “There exists no hero in the eyes of servants. But it’s not because the hero is not a hero, but because the servants are only servants!”

英雄也有錯誤以至荒謬，偉人也有弱點以至隱私。耶穌佛陀都是肉身之人。哪個偉人不是肉骨凡胎之身?所以馬克思說：“人性具有的一切我都具有!”

Heroes may get wrong or even absurd sometimes, and great men may also have weaknesses and privacy. Just as Jesus and Buddha are both flesh and blood, all great man are just mortal beings. That’s why Marx said: “I have all what humanity has!”

但是，偉人之所以是偉人，是因其所創(chuàng)造的偉大功勛及業(yè)績恒在。

However, the reason for a great man being great is because his outstandingly meritorious deeds and achievement shall last forever.

偉人就是偉人!不會因為有眾多宵小、庸才、妾婢(如張戎一類)、洋奴以及生前敵人的任何蔑罵、詆毀而貶落絲毫!

A great man is great indeed! And his radiance shall not eclipse even the slightest iota due to any abuse, slander, or degeneration from those many gangsters and the like, the mediocre, servants and concubines (as Zhang Rong and the like), flunkeys of imperialism as well as his enemies.

托爾斯泰蔑視當時人對拿破侖的攻擊說：“他們都以為自己是道德完人。但是道德完美的庸夫只是庸夫，一個遍體鱗傷的英雄仍然是英雄。”“鷹有時飛得比雞還低，但是雞永遠無法飛得象鷹那么高!”

Tolstoy showed his contempt for those who attacked Napoleon: “They all think that they were morally perfect. But a morally perfect mediocre person is but a mediocre person, and a hero covered all over with cuts and bruises is still a hero.” “Sometimes the eagle flies lower than the chicken, but the chicken can never fly as high as the eagle!”

英雄功業(yè)在，光芒日月長，不知群兒愚，哪用故謗傷?蚍蜉撼大樹，可笑不自量。不過如此而已。

The glory of the hero’s great feat shall last as perpetual as the sun and moon, and how foolish the crowds are to pile their libelous words on the hero! Such silly ones are no better than a tiny insect trying to shake a mighty tree but being ludicrously ignorant of its own weakness.

歷史從不完美。歷史永遠曲折。全部人類歷史所昭示的，就是人類是一種永遠不斷犯錯誤的宇宙低等動物。

Instead of being perfect all the time, history is forever full of twists and turns. As is manifested by all human history, human beings are merely a kind of lowly creatures who will always make mistakes in the universe.

天地不仁，以萬物為芻狗。個人會犯錯誤，人群會犯錯誤，政黨會犯錯誤，國家也會犯錯誤。這個意義上的所謂歷史，不過是無數代人無數錯誤的疊加而已。一部人類歷史就是后來者不斷繼續(xù)犯錯和試圖改錯，也仍然難免越改越錯的歷史。

Leaving the concerns of benevolence and preference out of account, the universe treats all things as equally as it treats its own sacrificial offerings. Individuals make mistakes, crowds make mistakes, a party makes mistakes, and a country also makes mistakes. In this sense, the so-called history is but the overlapping of countless mistakes made by countless generations of people, and a certain part of the future human history is but the mistakes made by people and the deeds of correcting these mistakes by the latecomers. So sometimes the changes will inevitably lead to an increasingly wrong history.

迄今為止，歷史多有黑暗，歷史并不公正，歷史只為勝利者而寫?？嘈炼嘤谛腋?，罪惡多于光明。什么自由、民主、博愛之類普世價值，不過都是說得好聽而難以實踐的欺人之談。

So far, the human history has been dark and unfair and only a record of the winners. In it, one would find more bitterness than happiness, and more sins than brightness. Freedom, democracy, humanity, the so-called universal values are but deceptive empty talks pleasant to the ear yet hard to be put into practice.

幸虧歷史中不定期地會出現偉人，如流星一樣短暫而照徹黑暗。但在偉人存在的時代中，歷史出現了瞬間光明。毛澤東把一個歷經百年戰(zhàn)亂、分崩離析、遍體鱗傷的華夏民族帶上世界舞臺的中心，在瞬間迸發(fā)出燦爛耀眼的光芒，從而使這個民族擺脫卑賤與卑劣，擺脫庸俗。

Fortunately, history has generated great men from time to time, who would temporarily illuminate the thick darkness with their dazzling meteoric light. In the ages when these great men lived, a flash of light appeared in history. The Chinese nation used to be disintegrate and torn by dissension and covered all over with cuts and bruises after the century-long chaotic wars. But Mao Zedong brought it onto the center of the world stage. After that, it instantly emitted a brilliant and dazzling light, making the nation get rid of its lowliness, humbleness and vulgarity in the past.

毛澤東不是任何外人強加給中國人的。歷史選擇了毛澤東。而這是中華民族最明智、最偉大的選擇。在那個時代，華夏民族因為有毛澤東而充滿自信和自豪!

Mao Zedong has not been someone imposed onto the Chinese people by outsiders, but the choice made by history itself, as well as the greatest and most sensible choice made by the Chinese nation. At that time, because of Mao Zedong, the Chinese nation was once again replete with confidence and pride!

8

20世紀是人類歷史上充滿傳奇戲劇性的世紀。偉人代出，燦若群星，從右翼的丘吉爾、羅斯福、戴高樂，到左翼的列寧、斯大林、鐵托、卡斯特羅和毛澤東，都是非凡的杰出領袖。

A legendary and dramatic century in the human history, the twentieth century has witnessed a galaxy of great men. From the right-wing Churchill, Roosevelt, and De Gaulle to the left-wing Lenin, Stalin, Tito, Castro and Mao Zedong, they were all extraordinary and distinguished leaders.

但是，20世紀并非一個光明的太平世紀。這個世紀是戰(zhàn)爭的世紀、亂離而動蕩的世紀，是充滿血與火，發(fā)生過南京大屠殺，殺人如麻，人命賤如草的世紀。是威斯康辛集中營與古拉格群島并存的世紀。

But the twentieth century was far from being a bright and peaceful century. On the contrary, it’s a century of war, division and turmoil, a century full of blood and fire; it’s a century when the Nanjing massacre took place and when numerous human beings were slaughtered as cheap as dirt; it’s the century when the Wisconsin concentration camp coexisted with the Gulag archipelago.

這個世紀之所以并非純粹的黑暗世紀，唯一的光明就在于這個世紀也是勇者抗爭與奮斗的世紀。20世紀中，被壓迫的第三世界賤民們不斷起而造反。對于中國人來說，這個世紀是追隨毛澤東暴動的世紀，反抗的世紀，革命的世紀，是華夏民族鏖戰(zhàn)圖強的一個偉大世紀。

The reason why this century has not been reduced to a completely dark age is because it’s also the century of the fighting and struggles of the brave ones, who brought to people the only brightness in the dark. In the middle of the twentieth century, the oppressed in the third world made continuously rebellions against the oppressors. For the Chinese people, this was the century of uprising, rebellion and revolution under the guidance of Mao Zedong, this was the great century when the Chinese nation strove to become stronger.

這個世紀以第一次世界大戰(zhàn)開始，隨之爆發(fā)1917年蘇維埃革命，在60年代末以中國的文化大革命而掀起一個震撼全球資本主義體系的大革命狂潮。

The twentieth century began with the First World War, and shortly after that, the Soviet revolution broke out in 1917. Then China’s Cultural Revolution at the end of the 1960s set off a revolutionary tide that shocked the global capitalist system.

文化大革命失敗后，革命意識形態(tài)崩解，導致九十年代全球社會主義體制的解體，世界轉向新資本主義和新帝國主義的全球化運動。世襲的羅氏家族、摩根家族、洛克菲勒金融家族主掌全球金權而企圖控制人類。

After the failure of the Great Cultural Revolution, the revolutionary ideologies fell apart, leading to the disintegration of socialist systems throughout the globe in the 1990s. At the same time, the globalization movements of new capitalism and neo-imperialism have emerged as new world’s trends. The hereditary Rothschild family, Morgan family, and Rockefeller financial family which had the global financial power in their hands were attempting to take all mankind under their control.

人類未來所將面臨的并不是什么光明千禧，而將是千年黑暗。在一個罪惡的計劃中，地球的2/3多余人口被垃圾化、邊緣化，可能將被轉基因、毒疫苗、艾滋病或其他人工病毒和化學毒食物鏈無聲滅絕……

What confronted mankind was a bright millennium, but a thousand years of darkness. In an evil plan, two-thirds of populations on the earth would be marginalized or treated as rubbish, or they might silently die from genetic modification, toxic vaccines, AIDS or other artificial viruses and food chain poisoned by chemicals...

這一切本來是15世紀地理發(fā)現和全球化運動以來，金融資本主義向全球帝國主義秩序演化所設定的宿命。

All of this had been the fate settled for mankind by the financial capitalism’s evolution towards global imperialism since the Great Geographical Discovery in the fifteenth century and the globalization movement.

僅僅因為毛澤東的出現，歷史在20 世紀改道而行。

Merely because of the appearance of Mao Zedong, history has changed its course in the twentieth century.

毛澤東是20世紀率領億萬賤民造反的領袖，是率領奴隸粉碎鎖鏈的英雄。毛澤東是大革命中誕生的角斗士，是現代的斯巴達克斯。他用精神和物質的原子彈摧毀了西方自由石匠(“Free and Accepted Masons")的鐵幕。至少在那個短暫的時代，全世界被壓迫的賤民和奴隸們看到了陽光與藍天。

Mao Zedong was the leader who led hundreds of millions of “untouchables” to rise in rebellions, the hero who commanded the slaves to smash the shackles and chains. Mao Zedong was the gladiator born in the great revolutions, the modern Spartacus. He destroyed the iron screen of “the Free and Accepted Masons” in the West with his material and spiritual atomic bomb. At least in a short period of time, all poor slaves and oppressed people throughout the world saw the bright sunshine and blue skies.

大革命并未因毛澤東的死亡而終結。毛澤東所留下的精神和政治遺產，包括文化革命留下的遺產和問題，仍會被后人們不斷地思索和研究下去。

The great revolution shall not end with the demise of Mao Zedong. The spiritual and political legacies left by Mao Zedong, including the legacy and problems left from the Great Cultural Revolution, shall continue to be meditated and studied by the future generations.

當然，正如一切偉人一樣，永遠會有人繼續(xù)詆毀和詛咒他。死去的毛澤東，也還是世界資產階級心目中一個可怕而難以消除的魔咒。

Naturally, just like what happened to all great men, there will always be some people continuing to disparage and curse him. Nevertheless, Mao Zedong, even after his death, still remains as a formidable spell difficult to be removed in the heart of the world’s capitalist class.

9

偉人必是悲劇。毛澤東的一生是悲劇。他的晚期生活更是一部壯烈的悲劇。毛澤東的悲劇在于他過于偉大，偉大得令人難以理解、難以置信。

A great man’s life is doomed to be a tragedy. So the life of Mao Zedong was also a tragedy, and his later years were even more tragic. Mao Zedong led a tragic life in that he was overwhelmingly great, too great to be understood and believed by others.

晚年毛澤東的根本悲劇在于，他在60年代終于發(fā)現他一生奮斗所營造成功的大廈——恰恰是他當初的革命初衷所欲摧毀的那個資本主義和官僚制度的大廈。于是，毛澤東毅然以耄耋之年再一次發(fā)動奮力攻擊，試圖摧毀一切而重新來過。但是驀然回首，卻已經是孤家寡人和殘病之軀，而腳下躺滿了昔日戰(zhàn)友的尸體。

The fundamental tragedy of Mao Zedong in his old age is, in the 1960s, he finally found that the grand mansion he had exhausted his lifelong endeavors to build turned out to be the tall building of capitalism and bureaucracy that he intended to destroy from the very beginning. Hence, at such an old age, Mao Zedong once again took upon himself to launch hard attacks, attempting to destroy everything and start all over again. But when he suddenly turned around, he found himself being a weak, solitary old man without followers, and the bodies of his erstwhile comrades lying under his feet.

“天意從來高難問，況人情老易悲難訴!”“時來天地皆同力，運去英雄不自由。”“風雷帳下英雄在，鼓角燈前老淚多。”這些詩句就是毛澤東晚年自況之心曲。

“The thoughts of Heaven have always been hard to speculate; to whom we could confess our sadness which is a frequent visitor in the old age!” “With luck, the entire universe is by your side; without luck, even the hero could not act freely.” “Under the tent in gale and thunder was the then hero in his prime, before the lamp in drums and horns is the now old man shedding his tears.” These poetic lines are a confession of Mao Zedong in his old age.

時無英雄，遂使豎子成名。他那四個追隨者無一不是猥瑣渺小的卑劣之徒，辜負了他的信托。“播下龍種，收獲跳蚤”——“這場文化大革命，贊成的不多，反對的不少”，終于，巨人毛澤東不得不面對和承認失敗。晚年毛澤東，悲涼心境宛如現代版的李爾王(KingLear)。

The time begetting no heroes, Mao Zedong then expected some great deeds from his young followers. While all the four followers of his turned out to be worthless and despicable characters, who failed to live up to his trust and expectations. “Sowing the descendants of a dragon, while only reaping some fleas” -- “this Great Cultural Revolution, few were in favor of it, and a lot were against it”. At last, Mao Zedong the giant had to face and admit his defeat. The forlorn and dismal state of Mao Zedong in his later years was but a modern version of King Lear.

The time begetting no heroes, Mao Zedong then expected some great deeds from his young followers. While all the four followers of his turned out to be worthless and despicable characters, who failed to live up to his trust and expectations. “Sowing the descendants of a dragon, while only reaping some fleas” -- “this Great Cultural Revolution, few were in favor of it, and a lot were against it”. At last, Mao Zedong the giant had to face and admit his defeat. The forlorn and dismal state of Mao Zedong in his later years was but a modern version of King Lear.

晚年毛澤東身患運動神經元病(MND,motorneurondisease),失去自主行動能力

Suffering from motor neuron disease (MND) in his later years, Mao Zedong lost his ability of autonomous movements.

10

但是時來運轉，歷史證明，毛澤東仍然是對的!

However, with the luck turning in his favor, history has proved that Mao Zedong is correct!

現實中的“社會主義”制度，并非所理想和當初他試圖營造的那個平等、公平、沒有階級存在的社會——這個社會內部仍存在著極其深刻復雜的階級矛盾、沖突、對抗和斗爭。

The real “socialist system”, instead of being as ideal as a fair and equitable society without classes and being the society that he had determined to establish, was in fact a society in which there were extremely profound and complicated class conflicts, confrontations and struggle.

毛澤東生前曾經說，社會革命不會終結，一萬年后還有斗爭!歷史永不終結，矛盾和斗爭永不終結。

Mao Zedong once said, the social revolutions would never end and that there would be struggles in ten thousand years! History shall never end, neither shall conflicts and struggles.

毛澤東曾經預言，如果未來中國出現右派當權而以“自由主義”為名義的內外資產階級和買辦勢力的聯合專政，那將是多數人民的災難。但是，工人階級和貧苦大眾的反抗運動，就一定會前仆后繼地發(fā)生。毛澤東對此曾經詛咒說：“中國如果發(fā)生反共的右派政變，我斷定他們是不得安寧的。”

Mao Zedong has also predicted, if China’s right parties should come to the power in the future, or if there should appear the joint dictatorship of the domestic and foreign capitalist classes and comprador classes in China, the majority of Chinese people would be living in disasters. However, in that case, there would also be wave upon wave of rebellions from the working class and the poor. Mao Zedong used to curse: “If there should be coups from the anti-communist right-wing parties in China, I am sure they will be never at peace.”

毛澤東留下了極其豐富的政治遺產。重要的是，他的革命精神和意識形態(tài)已經深深地熔鑄進了這個民族的政治文化中!

Mao Zedong has left to the latecomers rich political legacies. More importantly, his revolutionary spirit and ideologies have deeply incorporated into the political culture of this nation!

11

英國史家羅斯在總論拿破侖畢生事業(yè)時指出：

The British historian Ross once said the following lines while commenting on the lifelong great cause of Napoleon:

“盡管遭受了慘重的失敗，他在治理國家，煥發(fā)人民才智和運用戰(zhàn)爭藝術等方面，完全是超群絕倫，偉大之極。他的偉大，不但在于他那些最出色的業(yè)績具有永恒的重要性，而更在于他的始創(chuàng)性，以至在完成所有這些業(yè)績中投入了雄偉非凡的力量!

“Despite his heavy losses, he was still incomparably superior and extremely great in managing the country, mobilizing his people’s intelligence and applying the art of war. His greatness has not only dwelled in the eternal importance of his most outstanding exploits, but also dwelled in his ingenuity as well as the magnificent and extraordinary power that he had devoted to accomplishing all these achievements!

——這種力量，使得遍布他后半生征途上的那些巍然屹立的紀念碑，雖然飽受狂風暴雨的摧殘，卻還是宏奇壯麗!屈處于奴役之下的民族不可能有這樣的成就。

-- This power has made the towering monuments, which could be found everywhere along the journey of his later years and which had suffered so much from the tempestuous weather, still remain magnificent and glorious! A nation bending over to slavery could never make such achievement.

人類畢竟不以最高的榮譽授予那些謹小慎微、知難而退、毫無建樹傳于后世的庸碌之輩，而是把它授予胸懷大志、敢作敢為、功勛卓著，甚至在自己和千百萬人同遭大禍之際還主宰著千萬人之心的人。”

After all, mankind, instead of granting its highest honor to those timorous and mediocre ones shrinking back from difficulties and leaving nothing noteworthy to the later generations, always grants its highest honor to those ambitious ones daring to do everything and accomplishing notable exploits, to those who could dominate the hearts of hundreds of millions of people even when they themselves were confronted with the same peril as the rest.”

毛澤東的偉大，當然無可比擬地超過19世紀的法蘭西皇帝波拿巴·拿破侖!

Mao Zedong’s greatness is naturally and unquestionably beyond that of Napoléon Bonaparte, the French Emperor in the nineteenth century.

毛澤東!——這個駕馭中國革命而改造了中國之人性和社會生活的人，

Mao Zedong! -- The man who commanded the Chinese revolution and transformed the human nature of the Chinese people and social life of the Chinese nation;

這個以人民戰(zhàn)爭的形式領導了20世紀歷史中時間最長、規(guī)模最大、席卷人口最多的偉大國內戰(zhàn)爭和革命群眾運動的人;

The man who led, in the form of people’s war, the longest and largest civil war and people’s revolutionary movement that swept the largest population in the twentieth century;

這個動員十億人民，在九百六十萬平方公里的土地上，以超人之偉力，試圖營造一個沒有階級、沒有剝削、沒有私有制的烏托邦的人;

The man who mobilized, with his superhuman power, one billion people to build on the territory of nine million and six hundred thousand square kilometers a Utopia where there is no class, nor exploitation, nor private ownership;

這個打破了雅爾塔三強瓜分世界協議、打破了冷戰(zhàn)的兩極格局，從而使中國巍然崛起而起成為世界之第三極的人;

The man who broke the Yalta agreements which allowed the three big powers to carve up the world, who smashed the bipolar structure resulting from the Cold War, who made China rise imposingly to be the third pole in the world;

這個導致20世紀后半期的全球帝國主義地緣政治結構發(fā)生根本改變的人;

The man who brought about fundamental changes to the geopolitical structure of global imperialism in the latter half of the twentieth century;

這個發(fā)起了十字軍東征以來最偉大的群眾行動、使西方勢力被逐出于東方的人;

The man who has launched the greatest mass movement ever since the Crusades conquer and thus driven the Western powers out of the Eastern land;

這個最終把億萬人的思念引向天安門前那塊孤獨聳立的巖石背后的方形大廈的人;

The man who directs the lament and missing of hundreds of millions of people to the square mansion standing behind the lonely rock in the Tian’anmen Square;

——必將永遠屹立于人類歷史上千古不朽者的最前列!!!

Shall always stand towering in the forefront of immortals in the human history!!!

［2003年12月初稿 。2017年1月8日最后改定，何新］

First draft finished in December 2003; final draft finished in January 8, 2017, by He Xin.

【附注】

[Note]

《毛澤東傳》的作者特里爾說：“事情總是這么奇怪，五十、六十年代詆毀他最多的政府，1976年卻對他的贊辭最多。有些領導人說他是人類歷史上一千年才會出現一個的天才。

Ross Terrill, the author of Mao: A Biography, said: “Things have always been so strange. The governments who disparaged him the most in the 1950s or 1960s gave him the most encomiums in 1976. Some rulers said that he was a genius who appeared only once in a thousand years in the human history.”

美國《新聞周刊》在毛澤東逝世的當天發(fā)表的社論標題是《歷史上最后一位巨人》。社論說：“ 沒有任何崇拜者會比他生前的對手和敵人，更知道毛澤東存在的意義和份量。”

On the same day of Mao Zedong’s death, the American magazine “News Week” published an editorial titled “The Last Giant in History”, which wrote, “No admirer knows better the meaning and weight of Mao Zedong’s existence than his adversaries and enemies.”